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MEMORIA PHILOSOPHICA. 


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MEMORTA PHILOSOPHIC A; 

OR, 


ffljjtonoloas?, 

GEOGRAPHY, ASTRONOMY, POETRY, PROSE, 

LANGUAGE, &c. 


TREATED 

ON PRINCIPLES BEST ADAPTED TO RETENTION 

0 


IN THE 

« 

MEMORY. 




BY I. R. G A YTON. 

-- 


Illustrated with Plates. 


LONDON: 

PRINTED BY J. HILL, 57, PATERNOSTER ROW J 

AND PUBLISHED BY SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, 

Stationers Court. 


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PREFACE. 



The principles on^ which this work proceeds 
have been often brought to the test of experi¬ 
ment; it is so easy to repeat that test, and the 
subject so well deserves investigation, that it 
behoves the dubious to satisfy themselves, and 
the Author cordially invites to the closest exa¬ 
mination. The work is rendered very practical, 
and is particularly calculated to abridge elemen¬ 
tary studies and to secure attainments made. It 
has been a considerable time in hand; but good 
wine is not injured by keeping, and it is hoped 
that this has undergone improvement: much 
labor has been devoted to it, not to swell the 
volume, but to reduce and turn to pleasure and 
profit the most onerous tasks of memory. 


Extract from the Morning Herald, Aug. 20 , 1824 , respecting a 
Lecture at Dr. Duncan’s Academy , Hammersmith. 

“ Mr. G. gave proof of the qualities of the system by committing 
to memory, in five minutes, thirty figures, put down at random, 
not merely repeating them in succession, but permitting himsell to 
be dodged. He made several [of his auditors] repeat chronological 
and other facts, which he said proved that they could acquire the 
chronology of the kings of England, their names, times of succes¬ 
sion, traits of character, duration of reign, &c. in the course of two 
hours.” 





LINES, 


Written for the Lecture at Sackville Street. 


ETERNAL source of grace and truth, 
Refresh with purest streams the soul, 
And safely guide enquiring youth. 
Where living waters ceaseless roll. 

From guilt and sin, Lord Jesus, save : 

Redeem to God th’ immortal mind ; 
And on our Mem’ries deep engrave 
Jehovah, ever great and kind! 


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LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 


A. 

AdENEY, Mr. W. 16, Sackville-street, 3 copies 

Adey, Mr. Edward, Turnham-green 

Allen, Mr. John, Long-acre, 3 copies 

Allen, Mr. Alexander, China Manufactory, Derby 

Allenby, Mr. Gloucester-street, Hoxton 

Allison, Miss, 16, Cornhill 

Angas, Mr. George Fife, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Angas, Mr. Henry, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Annand, Alex. Esq. Adelphi-terrace 

Arrighi, M. 34, Seymour-street, Bryanstone-square 

Aylesbury, Mr. M.D. 22, Bartlett’s-buildings 

B. 

Bannister, Rev. W. Arundel 

Bishop, Rev. J. Newport, Isle of Wight 

Bridgman, Rev. T. Carlisle 

Badland, Mr. T. Church-street, Kensington 

Bailey, Mr. W. 129, Long-acre 

Barrett, Mr. Doctor’s-commons 

Bates, Mr. Chatham 

Bayford, J. Esq. Doctor’s-commons 

Beams, Mr. H. Bank 

Bee, J. H. Peckham 

Beckwith, Mr. Sen. Stockton-upon-Tees 

Berrington, Mr. Maidstone 

Binfield, Mr. Thomas, Charles-street, Westminster 
Birks, Mr. Thomas, York, 2 copies 
Bishop, Mr. James, 27, Haydon-street, Minories, 6 copies 
Black, Dr. R. H. 

Blackett, Mr. Brixton-hill 
Blackmore, Mr. Wandsworth 
Blair, James, Esq. 12, Devon shire-place 
Bonniwell, Mr. High-street, Chatham 
Bond, Mr. J. Rye-lane, Peckham 
Botes, Mr. Chatham 
Bowyer, R. Esq. Byfleet, Surry 


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Bradford, Mrs. Cobham, Surry 

Bramwell, Mr. G. Queen-street, City 

Brewer & Eives, Mesds. Dorking, Surry 

Briggs, Mr. Edward, Jun. Maidstone 

Brooks, Mr. 21, Queen-street, St. James's, 2 copies 

Brien, Mr. R. Surgeon, R. N. 13, Spencer-street, Northampton-sq. 

Brown, Mr. M. D. Cobham, Surry, 2 copies 

Burnett, Mr. Gilbert, 22, Great Mary-le-bone-street 

Burr, Miss, High-street, Chatham 

Buston, Mr. Newark, Notts 

Butcher, Mr. Wandsworth 


c. 

Collyer, Rev. W. B., D.D. LL.D. F.A.S. 

Clayton, Rev. G. Walworth 

Carpue, J. E. Esq., M.D. F.R.S. 72, Dean-street, Soho 
Cabbell, Benjamin Bond, Esq. 1, Brick-court, Temple 
Card, Miss, Pall-mall 

Carto, Miss, Seminary, New-street, Clapham-rise, G copies 

Cator, Mrs. Beckenham-place, Kent 

Chalklen, Mr. Luton, Kent 

Chadwick, Mr. W. B. Doctors’-commons 

Christy, Miss, Seminary, Lower Tooting 

Churchill, Mr. Leicester-square, 2 copies 

Close, Major, Kilbourn 

Cobham, Mr. W. Peckham 

Collier, Miss, 53, Church-street, Minories 

Coopleston, Mr. Thames-ditton, Surry 

Cornick, Mr. Whitecross-street 

Cox, Mr. Holland-street, Kensington 

Cray, Mr. Peckham 

Cranham, Mr. Farnham 

Crowther, Miss, Chester-le-street, Durham 


D. 

Davison, Rev. Ralph, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Deesy, Rev. James, 3, Thorney-street, Bloomsbury 

Dunn, Rev. E. A. Prospect-house, Bel grave-place, Pimlico 

Drummond, Henry, Esq. Albury-park, Surry 

Duncan, Dr. Hammersmith Academy 

Daglish, Mr. Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Darters, Mrs. 29, Hyde-street, Bloomsbury 

Dawson Esq. Kennington-common 

Dawson, Mr. Mansion-house Academy, Camberwell 

Dawson, Mrs. E. Peckham Avenue 

Dawson, Mr. West-square 

Dawson, Mr. T. Meeting-house-lane, Peckham 

Dawson, Mrs. Martha, ditto 

Devey, Mr. F. N. Dorset-street 




XI 


D. 

Dickson, Miss, Beckenham-place, Kent 
Dodd, Mr. Newark, Notts 
Dove, Mr. Darlington 

Drew, Mr. 5, Richmond-place, Hammersmith 

E. 

Eden, Mr. T. E. Rye-lane, Peckham 

Edmonds, Mr. Nursery-place, New Bethlehem 

Eldridge, Mr. Henry, 66, Curtain-road 

Eliaway, Mr. Henry, 6, Southampton-street, Camberwell 

Elliott, Mr. I. S. New Bond-street 

Elston,^Mr. Alton, Hants 

Eskill, Mr. Peckham 


F. 

Fawcett, Rev. J. Rector of Scaleby 

Fletcher, Rev. A. Moorfields 

Fairweather, Mr. T. Newcastle-upon-Tvne 

Faulkner, Mr. Hersham 

Folsch, Mr. F. Burlington-Arcade 

Foster, Mr. Guildford 

Foster, Mr. Maidstone 

Foster, Mr. Matthew, Gateshead 

Fowler, W. Esq. Kennington 

Francis, Mr. C. at Mr. Dawson’s, Camberwell 

Franklin, Mr. H. at Mr. Devey’s 

Frazer, Mrs. Oxshott, Surry 


G. 

Gibbs, Rev. Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Gillen, Rev. A. D. ditto 
Gollop, Rev. C. Darlington 

Garrett, Miss, 22, Francis-street, Tottenham-court-road 

Gates, Mr. High-street, Peckham 

Gates, Mr. Tooting 

Gay ton, Mr. C. Cawnpore 

Gayton, Mr. C. Tarling-street 

Gayton, Mr. B. St. Mary-at-Hill 

Gayton, Mr. G. Islington 

Gentry, R. Esq. Waltham-abbey 

George, Miss, High-street, Chatham 

Girardes, Mr. FI. F. 15, Great Castle-street, Regent-street 

Giles, Mr. Classical Math. Mer. School, Chatham 

Giles, Mr. Seminary, Tooting 

Goodman, Mr. Camberwell, 6 copies 

Gramluk, Miss Harriet, Meeting-house-lane, Peckham 


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G. 

Grant, Mr. I. F. at Mr. Angas’s, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Greaves, Mr. W. Newcastle-upon-Tyne 
Grissell, Mr f St. John’s-square 
Grissell, Mr. Thomas, Little-britain 



Hayden, Rev. Hull 

Hodge, Rev. King’s Bench Record Office, Westminster 

Hall, T. Esq. York, 6 copies 

Hancox, Mr. Oxford-street 

Hart & Fellowes, Messrs. 71, Fetter-lane 

Harris, Mr. Darkgate, Carmarthen 

Hawes, Mr. 16, Dean-street, Westminster 

Haycraft, Mr. Kingston, Surry 

Hedley, Mr. W. Gateshead 

Hemmeringham, Mr. W. Newark 

Henney, Mrs. 8, Chapel-place, Kennington 

Hewitt, F. Esq. Merton 

Hill, Mr. at Mr. Shackell’s 

Hill, Mr. 57, Paternoster-row 

Hildreth, Mr. W. York 

Hodgson, Mr. J. Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Holmes, Mr. R. N. 

Hooper, Mr. Hersham 

Hopkins, Mr. London-wall 

Hughes, I. E. Esq. Quay-street, Carmarthen 

Humphreys, Mr. J. Caed 


I. 

Irwin, Mr. W. Clapham 

J. 

James, Rev. Glastonbury 

Jenkins, Rev. Maidstone 

Jessop, Rev. Thomas, Bilton-hall, Yorkshire 

Jackson, Mr. James, Newark 

James, Mr. John, Recker-gate, Carlisle 

Jardine, Mr. Alexander, Leatherhead 

Johnson, Mr. 75, Long-acre 

Jones, Mr. E. Somerset-street, Aldgate 

Jones, Mr. David, Market-street, Carmarthen 

Jones, Mr. Thomas, Wharfinger, ditto 

Jones, Mr. Evan, Priory-street, ditto 

Jones, Mr. D. Greencastle 


X111 


K. 

Kay, Mr. Alex. Darlington 

Keets, Mr. Frensham, Surry 

Kempster, Mr. Jun. 46, Old Comptoi/street 

Rightly, Mr. Joseph, High-street, Peckham 

Kinsey, Mr. Hearne-hill * 

Kipps, Mr. T. G. 49, Great Mary-le-bone Street 

Knowles, Mr. John, at Rev. Mr. Fawcett’s 


L. 

Lang, Rev. Stockton-upon-Tees 
Leod, Rev. Me. D.D. Soho 
Lewis, Rev. Bishop-aukland 
Lamb, Mr. Penrith 

Lewis, Mr. David, Quay-street, Carmarthen 

Lewis, Mr s James, Lower Market-street, ditto 

Lloyd, Mr. Dan. Wandsworth 

Loades, Mr. Camberwell-New-road, 6 copies 

Lockett, Mr. J. C. Bank 

Low, Mr. Grace-church-street 

Lucas, John, Esq. Tooting 

Lunn, Mr. Griggs, Brasted, Kent 


M. 

Macauley, Mr. J. J. Darlington 

Mackway, Miss Sophia, 7, City-road 

Macklagan, Dr. Hammersmith 

Malraison, Mr. Peacock-street, Newington 

Martin, Mr. Hammersmith 

Massingham, Mr. Guildford 

Madgin, Mr. George, Cow-lane 

Magnolly, Mrs* Is. 15, Little Newport-street 

Maxwell, Mr. James, at Rev. Mr. Pengilly’s 

Marrion, Mr. 5, Compton-street, Brunswick-square 

Maynard, Mr. J. 10, King-street, Covent-garden 

Middleton, Mr. Southampton-street, Camberwell 

Mitchell, Mr. Idehurst, Sussex 

Moore, Mr. John Sutton, Meeting-house-lane, Peckham 
Moore, Mr. Strand 

Morris, Mr. Thomas, 14, Walnut-tree-w#,lk, Lambeth 

Morris, Mr. James, Darkgate, Carmarthen 

Mortimer, Mr. 2, Frith-street, Soho 

Moseley, Mr. John, New-street, Co vent-garden 

Moss, Mr. Drury-lane 

Mullens, Mr. Kent-road 

Murray, Mrs. Islington 

Murrell, Mr. Camberwell 


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N. 

Nicholls, Rev. Mr. Chester-le-street, 2 copies 
Nelson, Miss, ditto 

Newnham, Mrs. Farnham 


Ody, Mr. Kentish-town 
Overton, Mr. Dorking 

P. 

Pemblk, Rev. Stockton-npon-Tees 

Pengilly, Rev. Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Paget, Miss, at Mr. Shackell’s 

Peachey, Mr. Doctors’-commons 

Peacock, Mr. 4, Bird-street, Wapping 

Percival, Spencer, Esq. 6 copies 

Perkins, 47, Red-lion-street, Holborn 

Pett, Mr. George, Ordnance-office, Tower 

Pettet, Mr. Vauxhall 

Peto, Henry, Esq. Little Britain 

Pewtress, Mr. Thomas, Camberwell 

Philips, Mr. James, Bird-street, St. George’s East 

Phillips, Mr. 30, Budge-row, City 

Poland, Mr. George, 130, Oxford-street 

Potter, Mr. Tooting 

Pollock, Mr. at Mr. James’s, Carlisle 

Pope, Mr. Peckham 

Pope, Mr. Holborn 

Place, Mr. Thomas, Jun. Stockton-npon-Tees 

Plane, Mr. at Mr. Burr’s, Chatham 

Potts, Mr. A. at Mr. Hodgson’s 

Pownall, Henry, Esq. 3 copies 

Price, Mr. U. 12, Cow-lane 

Prior, Ed. Esq. 16, South-street, Finsbury 

Pritchett, Mr. I. P. York 


R. 

Raby, Mr. Joseph, Darlington 

Rackstraw, Mr. Ewell 

Ranyard, Mr. Kingston 

Renard, Mr. 3, Denmark-terrace, Camberwell 

Rice, T. Esq. Albany, Kent-road 

Richardson, Mr. Benj. Walworth 

Robbins, Mr. Henry, Peckham 

Robbins, Mr. Charles, Fenchurch-street 

Rowell, Mr. Robert, Darlington 

Russell, Mr. Smithfield 

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s. 


Styles, Rev. J. D.D. Brixton 

Smith, Rev. S. Leather-lane 

Smith, Rev. C. Charlwood 

Smith, Edmund, Esq. Penton-place, 2 copies 

Smith, Mr. Chester-le-street 

Smith, Mr. J. S. Barbican 

Sabbs, Esq. Epsom, 2 copies 

Salter, Mr. 41, Oxford-street 

Scott, Dr. Bromley, Kent 

Shaw, B. Esq. Spring-gardens 

Simnitt, Mr. John Lyne, Newark 

Simpson, Mr. Wm. York 

Slocomb, Mr. Thorne, Kent 

Smithers, Mr. Joseph, Commercial-road 

Spencer, Mr. Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Stapp, Mr. John, Snow-hill 

Strahan, Mr. Samuel, 99, Newgate-street 

T. 

Taylor, Mr. John, Wilderness-row 
Taylor, Mr. James, ditto 

Taylor, Mr. Thomas, Cherry-gardens, Bermondsey 
Tenison, Mast. John, at Rev. Mr. Fawcett’s 
Tessou, Mr. G. W. 37, Percy-street, Bedford-square 
Thomas, Mr. David, Carmarthen 
Thompson, Esq. Thomas, Brixton 
Thompson, Miss Sophia, Colebrook-terrace 
Thompson, Mr. W. Trinity College, Cambridge 
Thornton, Mr. Robert, Darlington 
Thorp, Mr. T. 5, Little Earl-street, Seven-dials 
Tilley, Mr. Esher 

Turner, Mrs. 10, Dorset-place, Clapham-road 
Turner, Mr. W. Jerusalem Coffee House 

o U. 

Umpiielby, Mr. Dowgate-hill 

w. 

Walker, Rev. St. Neots 

Woodrow, Rev. Carlisle 

Walker, T. Esq. 13, Piccadilly 

Walker, Mr. Joseph, 15, High-street, Kensington 

Walters, Miss, Seminary, Brook-green, Hammersmith 

Walton, Mr. at Mr. Lodge's 

Ward, Mr. Paternoster-row 

Waring, Miss, Alton 


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Warwick, Mr. Northampton-square 

Watson, Mr. W. Thavies-inn 

Weatherall, Mr. Joseph, Stockton-upon-Tees 

Wells, Mr. High-street, Chatham 1 

Weybridge, Mr. John, Cambridge 

Wharton, Mr. Joseph, Walworth 

Whytt, Mrs. 27, Hill-street, Peckham 

Whittemore, Mr. Paternoster-row 

Wiley, Mr. R. Stockton-upon-Tees 

Wilks, J. Esq. Finsbury-place 

Wilkinson, Mr. Henry, at Mr. Pengilly’s 

Williams, Miss, Gate-street 

Williams, Mr. T. Exeter 

Williams, Mr. John, Bridge-street, Carmarthen 

Wilson, Mr. Joseph Reed, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Wilson, Mr. A. H. 45, Holborn-hill, 2 copies 

Wilson, Mr. James, Newcastle-upon-Tyne 

Whitley, Mr. Edward, 15, Charles-square, Hoxton 

Wood, Mr. Minories 

Woodward, Mr. Camberwell 

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Y. 

Young, Mr. Epsom 
Young, Mr. Farnham 


INTRODUCTION. 



J. HE value and importance of memory is universally ac¬ 
knowledged : it is a subject interesting in all conditions of 
life. Without it, how could knowledge be attained in his¬ 
tory, science, or religion l Memory is the store-house of 
the mind, and contains all its treasures of learning and 
experience. In vain would those treasures abound in nature 
and religion, and in vain should we toil to collect them, if 
they were lost as soon as obtained; if the ever-acquiring mind 
of man was not endued with a capacity to accumulate its 
attainments. 

Various are the gratifications connected with this gift of 
divine bounty; one is touched by the Poet— 

“ Rise, hallow’d Milton, rise and say, 

“ How at thy gloomy close of day: 

*' How, when deprest by age, beset with wrongs ; 

** When fall’n on evil days and evil tongues ; 

“ When darkness brooding on thy sight, 

“ Exil’d the sovereign lamp of light: 

“ Say, what could then one cheering hope diffuse, 

“ What friends were thine,—save memory and the muse.” 


By this talent the lawyer is prepared with statutes and pre¬ 
cedents—the physician, with suitable and tried remedies— 
the philosopher, with principles and experiments—the poli¬ 
tician, with the archives, laws, and conduct of nations—the 

B 


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divine and the Christian, with the sacred testimony, the sword 
of the spirit, and manifold instructions in righteousness. By 
it the substance of volumes perused is revolved in the mind— 
the traveller beholds again the countries he has visited—the 
warrior recites his conflicts—and numberless felicities are 
repeated, almost ad infinitum . 

To the memory, in common with every thing human, 
infirmity and imperfection attach. Those who have applied 
themselves to study know how difficult it is to preyent a 
variety of things escaping from it, and how little compara¬ 
tively is kept with distinctness in the mind. 

We say with distinctness , for we may obtain considerable 
information, and be in a great measure deprived of the be¬ 
nefit thereof, through confusion and deficiency of arrange¬ 
ment. If we refer to a fact in the history of a nation, and 
are unacquainted with the state of the world or of contiguous 
countries at the time of its occurrence, we are looking at a 
spot around which broods mist and perplexity; and events 
are frequently rendered widely different in their character 
by contemporary circumstances. On these grounds the 
dates and epochs of history, the longitudes and latitudes of 
geography, and the classification of different sciences, al¬ 
though they might appear to many dry and unprofitable 
subjects, are of the highest value and utility. 

Expedients have been adopted to render such points per¬ 
manent in the mind, to assist the memory and prevent its 
failures. Their usefulness would be obvious, if no more could 
be said for them than that they abridge the time and labour 
required for the elements of knowledge. These are the 
least pleasing parts of study. They frequently engross the 
whole of an individual’s exertions. In proportion as the 
labor devoted to them is diminished, it can be applied to 
subjects of greater intrinsic importance. The extension of 
such contrivances becomes increasingly necessary now that 
learning is so diffused. Free-schools, the plans of Lancaster 
and Bell, and Societies, arc in operation for the instruction 


3 


of every elass, leading us to anticipate a day when men in 
general shall be much more enlightened; the games in 
which so much time is wasted shall be laid aside, and the 
mechanic and the peasant shall trace in the page of history 
the grand march of providential dispensations and the mani¬ 
fest fulfilment of the prophecies of Scripture. 

The art or science of memory embraces all that can be 
done to assist it, and most advantageously to employ it. 
Cicero says. Constat memoriam habere quiddam , artificii 
etnon omnem a natnra projisci. It hath pleased the Giver 
of all good to bestow on us those mental powders, which 
enable us to improve on nature. This might be deemed 
presumptuous language, remembering that nature is the 
operation of the Almighty ; but he that teaches the plough¬ 
man to plough is both the author of the natural fertility of 
the ground, and the communicator of that understanding' 
which directs its cultivation. So in memory, it is in itself a 
gift from him who fills all nature ; aud what we call art or 
contrivance to aid it, is also natural, or, in other words, is 
likewise his gift. That it is natural to us to use methods of 
assisting the memory all may testify from their own conduct. 
The simple peasant says, as readily as the philosopher, 
“ Think of such a thing and you’ll remember what I tell you.” 
The bards of antiquity have employed themselves in tuneful 
notes to perpetuate the remembrance of events. If in every 
bodily exercise, in the use of the tool of a workman, in 
arithmetical calculations, and other mental operations; more 
may be performed by him who proceeds on a proper method ; 
than by him who, ignorant of his subject, has no method ; 
why should we suppose that we can have no serviceable 
rules for the memory ? Why should we assert that we have 
reached the bounds of human attainment, by declaring that 
none can be discovered? In the age of such assertions 
Galileo lived; but not the contemporaries of the illuminators 
of caverns and towns with flaming smoke, and of those who 
impel vessels across the deep with boiling water. 


4 


Not limiting our attention then to what has been too 
often supposed “ the art of memory,” we shall find that 
the subject includes all that belongs to its exercise, and 
that the terms are almost synonymous to store the memory 
and to enrich the mind. 

Previous to entering upon some memorial rules and 
observations, we may glance at those of former ages from 
remotest antiquity. 

All the analogies between the natural and spiritual world, 
constitute the former a perpetual preacher of the latter. 
The appointment of the sabbath was intended to remind 
man of Jehovah’s rest from creation. Abel, with the first¬ 
ling of his flock, and the subsequent sacrifices, were figurative 
acknowledgments of sin, and shadows of its expiation. The 
names of the pair who first trod the eventful stage of this 
life express the first man of the earth, and the first woman, 
the mother of our race. Cities like that built by Cain per¬ 
petuate events. The bow in the clouds, in loveliest mingling 
tints, is the Lord’s seal to his promise, and exhibits the 
peaceful blessings of the Gospel, in which all his perfections 
harmonize in one covenant. The stone anointed by Jacob, 
and those pitched by Joshua, and the rites appointed among 
the Israelites, were all intended to bring to the mind some 
fact or important truth. The monuments of antiquity, the 
works of painting and of sculpture, the Egyptian and other 
hieroglyphics, the Chinese and other characters, and heaven- 
bestowed alphabetic writing, are all means of preserving in 
remembrance. 

Association of ideas, and its effect upon memory, is in the 
original constitution of man, and its adoption is coeval with 
himself; the importance of arrangement must also have been 
obvious from the first, and consequently appears in the 
earliest writings. 

As in the association of ideas a connexion with places 
and objects strongly affects the memory, (the sight of places 
and of objects recalling circumstances which have transpired 


v 


5 


in those places, or which have been connected with those 
objects,) the ancients were led to compose systems of local 
and symbolical mnemonics; “ At the head of these stands 
“ that of Simonides, a lyric poet, of the island of Ceos, 
“ one of the Cyclades, who flourished in the sixty-first 
u Olympiad, about five hundred and thirty-five years before 
“ the birth of Christ, and [who] is celebrated by Cicero and 
“ Quinctilian. Both these authors relate the following mytho- 
“ logical incident, on the occasion which suggested the inven- 
“ tion :—Simonides was employed by Scopas, a rich Thes- 
“ salian, to compose a panegyric on him for a certain sum of 
“ money; was invited to a festival given by Scopas to his 
“ friends, in order to rehearse it, but was sordidly refused 
“ more than half the stipulated compensation, because 
" puzzled, perhaps, with the sterility of the principal sub- 
“ ject, he had introduced a long episode, amounting to half 

“ the poem, in praise of Castor and Pollux. Simonides soon 

\ 

“ found an avenger of the insult. He was immediately 
“ summoned from the company by two young men on horse- 
“ back, supposed to be Castor and Pollux, in disguise, 
“ who appeared to protect their favourite poet; and who, 
" as soon as they had saved Simonides, made the roof fall 
“ on Scopas and his company, bruising them so to death 
“ that not a lineament of them could be known. Simonides, 
“ by recollecting the manner in which they sat at table, was 
“ enabled to distinguish them, and to deliver them to their 
“ friends for burial. The aid which the recollection of the 
“ Poet received, on this occasion, is said to have suggested 
“ the idea of an artificial memory.” 

The scheme of Simonides was, to transfer a train of 
ideas, which he wished to recollect, to the different parts of 
a house with which he was familiar, and thus by referring 
to the different parts of the house to recall those ideas. On 
this method systems of local and symbolical memory have 
proceeded unto the present day. 

“ Mnemonics was a favourite pursuit with the Greeks, 


6 


and was cultivated with success by the Romans, among 
whom Crassus, Julius Caesar, and Seneca, are said to have 
excelled in this art.” N 

From the thirteenth to the nineteenth century several 
systems have been issued. The following are the principal: 

“ Raymond Lully, born in 1236, seems to have been the 
first modern who brought the art of memory into notice, 
after it had lain dormant for many ages.’' It was then 
** termed transcendental, and distinguished by his name.” 

About the beginning of the fourteenth century, Thomas 
Bradwardin published his system of local and symbolical 
memory; and “ in the fifteenth, Publicius, Prius, Peter of 
Cologne, and Peter of Ravenna, issued theirs. 

In the sixteenth century, came forth those of Romberch 
and Grataroli: the latter was translated by Fulwood, under 
the title of the “ Castel of Memorie.” Several others at 
the close of this century. 

In the seventeenth century, a considerable number and 
variety were published in England, and on the Continent, 
where Schenchel's was principal. Brux’s art of forget¬ 
fulness also. 

The eighteenth century does not appear to have been quite 
so fruitful, but it produced the labors of Grey and Lowe; 
and for the preceding obscurity, we are amply compensated, 
by the bursting forth of the great mnemonical luminary, 
M. G. V. Feinaigle, in the commencement of the nine¬ 
teenth century. 

In 1806, M. Aretin was teaching a system of mnemonics 
in Germany*. 

“ In 1807, M. Gregor Von Feinaigle, a native of Baden, 
visited Paris, and delivered Lectures on his ‘ New System 
of Mnemonics and Methodics” afterwards in England and 
Scotland t; and then, until his decease, settled at Dublin, N 
where " a Society of Gentlemen have formed an establish- 


* Philo. Mag. Dec. 1006. 


t Ibid, June, 1807. 


7 


tr.ent for the education of youth on his system. They 
announce in their prospectus, that the emoluments arising 
from the institution (save one-half to the Professor for his 
life), are to form a fund for the promotion and extension of 
the object of education upon this plan ; that with them 
there can be no consideration of profit, inasmuch as by 
the deed of trust, they can merely enjoy legal interest for 
the money advanced, and that in founding a seminary under 
such circumstances they have been solely influenced by a 
conviction, derived from personal observation, and the expe¬ 
rience already had in the College of Ampleforth.” 

Many of the writers above alluded to, prior to Grey and 
Lowe, appear to have carried the artificial application of 
local and symbolical principles to considerable perfection. 
By Grey and Lowe those principles were disregarded. They 
taught the art of recollecting numbers by turning them into 
letters, with which they formed words, or rather syllables, 
which they connected with their respective subjects ; there¬ 
fore we may observe that for upwards of two thousand years 
systems have been issued on the principles of local and 
symbolical association, and nothing equal to them has been 
discovered. M. Feinaigle revived and introduced great sim¬ 
plicity in the local and symbolical part by that arrangement 
which preserves all the corresponding numbers in corres¬ 
ponding places (explained page 13), and improved upon Grey 
and Lowe by employing words and sentences instead of 
unmeaning letters and syllables. We have attempted another 
step by substituting historical for unmeaning symbols , 
and facts for imaginary ideas. By this means the same la¬ 
bor which on previous systems would only furnish with sym¬ 
bols in themselves of no value, puts also in possession of the 
prominent points of history, from the creation to the present 
century: that which would acquire the dates of the reigns of the 
English Kings acquires also some fact in each of those reigns, 
which may be a link to much more of the history of each 
King. In a similar manner in Geography, natural history is 


8 


acquired in connection with the longitudes and latitudes of 
capitals, and thus in the work a mass of important matter 
in different sciences is substituted for associations trifling 
and useless. Our associations have been formed with much 
labor, and, to a considerable extent, our plans are new, 
founded on the principle of mnemonics ; viz . local, sym¬ 
bolical, and other association. 

Much has been done by rhyme in different ages. Its 
utility must be allowed. We have largely employed it, 
but it can not be carried to that extent to which we 

4 

carry our system; yet it may advantageously be used in 
connexion with it, and by the system the learning of poetry 
may be much facilitated. Our chronological lines bear 
some affinity to Shaw’s Acrostics, but a greater to 
Hooke’s Chronological Verses, revised by Bishop Lowth. 

It may be well to notice here some objections to local 
and symbolical systems of memory. 

To some it may occur that it will require much labor to 
learn the symbols, but this, on trial, will be found a mistake: 
their arrangement, their shape, and the locality given to 
them make them so easy to acquire, that they are not to be 
called a task, and indeed the experiment must be made, to 
know in how little time it may be accomplished. 

Some may apprehend that the symbols, &c. will occupy 
the mind more than the historical and scientific matter con¬ 
nected with them. This, by practice, is proved without 
foundation, and that frequently a person calls to recollection 
subjects by the aid of the symbols, scarcely knowing that 
he uses them; as when a person,by seeing a house in which 
he once resided is reminded of some pleasure or affliction 
experienced there, becomes occupied with those ideas, and 
forgets the house which brought them to his mind. Indeed 
such is the power of local association, that frequently a 
person turns, agreeably to the arrangement he has made, 
almost insensibly to certain places for certain symbols and 
ideas, and the ideas instantaneously present themselves; as 

v 


9 


when we enter upon ground rendered remarkable by moments 
of alarm, or the sequestered grove made sacred by those of 
friendship or devotion, the ever busy soul is pervaded with 
chilling or enchanting ruminations before we consider where 
we are, or the particular objects which surround us. 

The mnemonical associations do not intrude, when unwel¬ 
come, (as some may imagine they would). This can be as¬ 
serted from experience, and because we have labored to 
make those of our system worthy the attention of the mind. 
Nor do they run into confusion, because each subject brings 
its own train, to the exclusion of others. 


c 


i 





















-■ ■ 















































































MEMORY 


Association is the main principle of mnemo- 

nics; its operation is three-fold, with places, objects, and 
ideas. 


ASSOCIATION WITH PLACES. 

The sight or thought of places brings to recollection 
events or ideas connected with them. A visit to our native 
town or village makes our boyish days, feats, and acquaint¬ 
ances live again before us. The man who has been deeply 
convinced of his guilt before God, and afterwards blessed 
with a comfortable hope of pardoning mercy, will, (especially 
if these transitions of his mind were rather of a sudden 
character,) recollect the places where his soul mourned and 
rejoiced before God ; as the Apostle, whenever he journeyed 
from Jerusalem to Damascus, must, in passing the spot, 
think of that moment when suddenly “ there shined around 
him a great light from heaven.” When we would call to 
mind any passage in a volume we have read, and especially 
in one which we are frequently perusing, our thoughts turn 
to that side of the book, and that part of the page on which 
it stands. A great facility of learning is afforded by syste¬ 
matic tables, which give at once a general view of a science, 
and a distinct locality to its several parts. The assistance 
derived in remembering things from their connexion with 
places, warrants the practice of giving to our ideas as much 
locality as possible. 




12 


\ 


APPLICATION. 


Divide two rooms into one hundred places, each room into 
fifty. 

1st . Divide a wall into nine compartments, in the follow¬ 
ing manner: 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 


The order of the divisions is from left to right, in our 
usual manner of writing; and for the more easily remember¬ 
ing of their situations, it will be found that if two lines are 
drawn diagonally from the corners of the wall, they will in¬ 
tersect all the odd numbers: thus, 



2 


4 


6 

/ 

8 



The first of the above two diagrams represents a wall 
divided into nine squares, or compartments; these we shall 
call places—first, second, third place, &c. 



















13 


'Idly. Rooms have generally four walls; having divided 
one in this manner, the same method must be pursued with 
the remaining three, and likewise the floor. We begin with 
the floor, on which must be placed the nine units; and the 
decimals, 10, 20, 30, 40, on the ceiling over the four walls; 
and 50 in the middle of the ceiling. 


FIRST ROOM. 


Second Wall. 




20 



- 

1 

2 

3 

- - 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 


3 

6 

9 

1 

2* 

3 

-* 

A 1— 


o 

rH 

2 

5 

8 

4* 

5 

6* 

CO 

2 

5 

CO | 
° 1 


1 

4 

7 

8* 

9 

C£> 

05 j 05 




6 

8 

L 




9 

S 

V 


€ 

Z 

l 



01 




IPAl 

Ceiling. 


50 


*** If the blank paper be cut away from the above figure, the walls 
may be raised up to represent those of a room. 


* The Floor. 





















































14 




Fixing on one position, the back to the window, or either 
of the other sides of the room, the floor must contain the 
figures from l to 9; the decimal 10 must be over the first 
wall, (that on the left hand); 11 in the first square or place, 
(the upper left hand corner,) of that wall; 12 in the second, 
&c. The second decimal, 20, will be over the next or se¬ 
cond wall, (the one facing you); 21 in the first square of 
that wall, &c. The third wall (that on the right hand) will 
have 30 over it; and above the fourth wall (that behind) 
will be the number 40 ; and 41 will occupy the first, and 49 
the last place thereon; 50 will be in the middle of the 
ceiling. 

On the floor, and on each of the walls, the odd numbers 
will be intersected in the way mentioned, (page 12,) by lines 
drawn diagonally. 

The corresponding numbers will be in corresponding 
squares; all the ones in the first place in each wall ; all the 
fives in the fifth: 1,11, 21, 31, 41, will be found in the five 
first squares, the first in the floor, and the first in each of 
the walls ; 2,12, 22, 32, 42, in the five second places; and 
9, 19, 29, 39, 49, in the five last places. 

i 

3dly. The above we call the first room. We must have a 
second room divided in the same manner. The floor of the 
second room is denominated the fifth wall: the wall on our 
left hand (keeping the same position as before) the sixth; 
that before you the seventh; that on the right hand the 
eighth; the one behind the ninth ; and the number 100 will 
be on the ceiling. 


\ 


15 

SECOND ROOM. 

Seventh Wall. 




70 



1 

2 

3 


4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 


* I® 

05 

1 

2* 

3 

1 

4 

7 

© 

© 

<M j 

o6 

4* 

L 

5 

6* 

CO j ©i 

Z 

08 

1 - 
j rH Tf 


7 

8* 

9 

© o> 

05 j 


6 

8 

L 


9 

9 

V 

8 

Z 

l 



06 




1PM VPN 


Ceiling. 

100 


Learners should exercise themselves in finding the situa¬ 
tion of the numbers in the rooms. Where are 79, 21 ? 
&c. All not exceeding 50 will be found in the first room ; 
all above 50, in the second. The decimals will always show 
the walls; the units, the places: thus, 69 being above 50, 
will be in the second room; the six shews the wall, the nine, 
the place : 69, second room, sixth wall, ninth place: 48, 
first room, fourth wall, eighth place: 7, first room, floor, 
seventh place, &c. 

Thus, for the purpose of local association, we have 100 
places under a simple arrangement. 


* Floor or fifth wall. 




















































ASSOCIATION WITH OBJECTS. 


Objects, as well as places, bring to recollection affairs 
with which they have had some connexion. Space with¬ 
out objects would be a trackless ocean indeed. Their 
influence upon the memory is confessed by the string tied 
round the finger, and the knot in the handkerchief. The 
tree, or house, or ship, which have by some escape from 
danger been rendered interesting to us, will, when seen 
or thought of, present those circumstances again with 
vivacity to the mind. Keep-sakes are powerfully eloquent. 
The Redeemer has turned this principle to the account of 
religion, by using parables drawn from the objects in nature 
by which we are perpetually surrounded, thus making them 
continual memorials of his instructions, and every field of 
waving corn to say “ the harvest is the end of the world.” It 
would be well if, in the exercise of a grateful disposition, we 
were more attentive to the voice of the many tokens of 
divine interposition. As a means of exciting such recollec¬ 
tions, and thus of strengthening faith, Moses stretched out 
his rod in performing miracles ; and many an individual has 
that staff in daily use, of which he often remarks as he 
takes it in his hand, that he had it when traversing regions 
remote from home, and in the difficulties and perils which 
have vanished with the days to which they belonged. While 
from our lips frequently escapes the observation, “ I never see 
or think of such an object but I think of such a person or 
circumstancewe cannot deny that objects have a strong 
effect upon the memory. 


APPLICATION. 

t 

It is necessary to fix a symbol or object in each of the 
hundred places; these, with their respective situations must 


17 


r 


be committed to memory. Lists ot’ them are subjoined, and 
their figures are seen in plates 1 and 2. The shape of each 
symbol has some resemblance to the number of the place it 
occupies. Enos is, in the plate, something like the figure 1, 
the List resembles the figure 2, &c. These plates should 
be inspected until the pictures are strongly impressed on the 
mind. If the blank paper were cut from them they would 
bend so as to answer to rooms, (as was observed upon the 
diagrams,) and the learner may in his mind continue them 
in that state, or he may transfer the symbols to rooms with 
which he is familiar ; and in so doing, the windows, doors, 
pictures, furniture, &c. will more completely fix them in 
his memory. 


X 


D 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

C 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

22 

23 

24 

25 

26 


FIRST ROOM. 


Enos 

List 

Jug 

Jared 

Enoch 

Methusaleh 

Lamech 

Nest 

Gopher Tree 
Fifing Antediluvians 
Shem’s Line to Babel 
Observations of Misraim 
Belus's Cocoa 
Glove Babylonian 
Box of Flame 
Fighting Thunderbolts 
Freaking-crook 
Flood of Chains 
Generation of Mushrooms 
Areopagus Bush 
Ship for Land 
Laws for Ceres 
Eglon and Sisera 
Fleecy Letters 
Towns Herculanean 
Jephthah’s Navy 


27 Compass of Saul 

28 Saul’s Crutches 

29 Solomon’s Fleet Laurel 
30.Code of a Kingdom 

31 Jewish Kings and Sceptre 

32 Scales for the Scourge 

33 Burning Nose 

34 Roman Records 

35 Shalmanezer’s Standard for 

Months 

36 Lyre of Civil War 

37 Thoth Sow 

38 Watery Circumnavigation 

39 Kingdoms of Oak 

40 Books of Banished Kings 

41 Tragic Bludgeon 

42 Tribunal Ram 

43 Peloponnessian History 

44 Trips to Mausoleum 

45 Ganges Dial 

46 Silver Temple Whip 

47 Alexandrian Library 

48 Triumvirate Octo 

49 Pride of Geography 

50 Throne of Fire 


For explanation of the symbols, see Chronology. 






Foldout Placeholder 


This foldout is being digitized and will be 
inserted at a future date. 


















19 


SECOND ROOM. 


51 Fallen Zion's Epistle 

52 Beaten Silk Worm 

53 Sighs Septuaginta 

54 Bribes Quadruple 

55 Hermitage Quake 

56 Bottled Demon 

57 Crosses of Max and Paul 

58 Catholic Burgundy 

59 Bow of Trotting Venice 

60 Head and Quakes 

61 Gelasius’s Fleur-de-lis 

62 Cycle of Silk 

63 Polish Warlike Hog 

64 Latin Raft 

65 Retreat for Chosroes 

66 Books burned by Omar 

67 Glass Paddy 

68 Images’ Era 

69 Fox’s Pence 

70 Hunting Degree 

71 Almagest Debonnaire 

72 Greek Church Clock 

73 Aries’s Land Tax 

74 Fatimite’s Fence 

75 Toils for Verona 


76 Arithmetical Monkey 

77 Bardas’s Figures 

78 Christian Churches 

79 Danish Confessor 

80 Conqueror’s Puncheon 

81 Cotton Mace 

82 Sun and Star Sieve 

83 Taffy’s Russian Whip 

84 Alphonsine Mortmain 

85 Spectacles for Coals 

86 Gunpowder Madeira 

87 Locust for High Admiral 

88 Algebra Era 

89 Printer’s Hope 

90 Reformer’s Revolution 

91 Slavery’s Rod 

92 Tycho Stocking 
% 

93 Circulation Covenants 

94 Barometer and Air Pump 

95 Pen for Newton 

96 Balls and other Arms 

97 The Worm Stair 

98 Stamp on Ottoes 
,99^Volcano Balloon 

100 Nap's Ceres Meteor. 


For explanation of the symbols, see Cronology. 


/ 





20 


ASSOCIATION WITH IDEAS. 

We are assisted in remembering things by giving reasons 
for them, or connecting other ideas with them;—as, when a 
person says, “ I shall recollect Appleby, because 1 shall think 
of an apple; or Gravesend, because I shall think of the end 
of a grave.” Securing ideas by such associations, instead of 
leaving them arbitrary and unconnected, is an expedient 
which almost every one occasionally adopts. A witness con¬ 
firms his testimony in a Court of Justice, when he can 
« 

promptly answer the question, “ How do you remember such 
a circumstance V by giving some reason for his recollection. 
On the principle of connexion which pervades them, the 
history of Joseph, or that of the Prodigal Son, is more 
easily committed to memory than an equal portion of 
the books of Job or Proverbs. On this principle a person 
repeats the substance of a narration he has heard, and it is 
recalled to his recollection by naming the subject. This is one 
of the reasons why rhyme assists the memory, because one syl¬ 
lable brings to the mind another, that frequently a line, that 
a verse, &e. To such an extent is association with ideas 
efficacious, that we even frequently use arbitrary numbers for 
the purpose; as, when a person recollects certain articles of 
business, by saying, “ I have to attend to three objects.” 

Perhaps we may consider that association is, simply, increased 
attention to a subject, two ideas employed instead of one, to 
confirm the impression on the mind. This, in the result, is a 
diminution of labour and exertion ; that being thrice done 
which is well done. The mind, like an arch, is strengthened 
by the weight judiciously placed upon it. It will be seen 
that the following quotation from Mr. Scott’s Preface to his 
Comment on the Bible has considerable force, and that the 
efficacy of the method he proposes lies in the accession of 
ideas, increased attention, and association. 

“ It is a great discouragement in the laborious task of col¬ 
lecting marginal references, that it may be feared but few in 
comparison will take the pains to consult them; indeed 


4 


v 


many persons may not have leisure to do it in every part, or 
fully. But though the author had for many years previously 
studied the Scriptures as his one grand business, he can truly 
aver that the insight which he has thus obtained into many 
parts which before he had not so carefully noted, is so great 
as abundantly to repay his labor; and to convince him that, 
along with other means (for none should be recommended 
exclusively), consulting well-selected marginal references 
forms one of the best helps for fixing the word of God in 
the memory." 

By all these results it is evident, that association with 
ideas is one of the most natural and successful modes of 
aiding the recollection. 

APPLICATION. 

Rule I. Associate the things to be remembered with some 
other idea or ideas. 

This is a simple Rule, and may very generally be adopted; 
but we reserve further observations upon it to the Chapter 
on General Rules. 

Rule II. Connect the things to be remembered, in their 
order, with a series of the symbols, in their places and order, 

• i 

by some idea or reason, true or fictitious, ludicrous or serious, 
apposite or contrary, but as striking as possible. Instances 
will be given under the different sciences. 

GENERAL APPLICATION 

OF LOCAL, OBJECTIVE, AND IDEAL ASSOCIATION. 

To bring into one view association with places, objects, 
and ideas, we may here observe that we have given Rules on 
those topics ; as. 

Divide two rooms into one hundred places. 

Fix in those places the symbols. 

Connect things to be rememembered with the symbols, in 
their places and order, by ideas. 


NUMBERS. 



Arbitrary sig ns are very difficult to recollect. A long 

/ 

series of promiscuous numbers is not to be acquired without 
considerable labor, and is indeed hardly ever secured, being 
so liable to slip or run into confusion ; yet, in how many 
instances is it necessary, or at least highly desirable, to store 
such in the mind ? On these accounts the studious have 
adopted various expedients, connected with which much 
persevering application has been requisite. Witness, among 
other instances, Dr. Grey’s system, of which Dr. Priestly 
had so great an esteem, that he considered those culpable 
who did not avail themselves of it. 

For the purpose of applying association to numbers, it is 
necessary to change them into letters, in order to form words 


expressing ideas, 
following manner 

They may be 

• ____ 

• 

turned into letters in the 

t 

1 

• 

• • t 

t , p. 

2 

• 

s 

• • • 

n f z. 

3 

• 

• • • 

m, 5 . 

4 

• 

• • • 

//, A\ 

AS 

O 

• 

® • • 

f> v. 

6 

• 

t 

• • A 

d , b. 

' 7 

• 

• • ft 

h y • i 

3 

m 

• • • 

s. x. 

9 

• 

• • • 

</> q- 

0 

1 

• 

• • • 

C, IV. 

/ 






s 


23 

p is used for 1, because it occurs in the word primary, and 
/ or v , for five, because those letters are in the word live ; the 
others, because they respectively bear some resemblance in 
shape to the figures they represent; l and t have each one 
down stroke; n has tivo, and, with r, resembles the figure 
2; m to represent 3, and x to represent 8, may be placed 
on one side, p , s* ; the rest are sufficiently obvious in their 
coincidence. Consonants only are employed for figures. 
Three consonants, /, t, p, are used for 1, in order to have at 
command all the consonants of the alphabet. Vowels do 
not represent figures, but they are introduced with the con¬ 
sonants to form words; thus, THuMP will represent 1431. 

RULE. 

Turn figures into letters, with the letters form words, and 
connect them with the symbols. 

Many exemplifications of this rule occur in this work, 
especially in Chronology; we shall therefore here give but 
two. The first may be considered most simple ; the second 
most useful. 

EXAMPLE 1 . 

It is required to commit to memory the figures 8, 4, 0, 7, 
1, 2, 0, 9, 3, 5. 

We may say, that Enos liked the SHaDe; Cainan asked 
why do You PiNe? and Mahalaleel made the CaG MoVe. 

SHaDe You PiNe CaG MoVe, stand for 8, 4, 6, 7, 1, 2, 
0, 9, 3, t>. 

By this means it will be easy to repeat the figures, for¬ 
wards or backwards, or promiscuously to state the order of 
them, naming the ninth, third, seventh, &c. 



24 


EXAMPLE 2. 


Specific Gravity * of some Substances , omitting the 

Decimals. 


MINERAL PRODUCTIONS. SOLIDS. 


Platina, hammered... 

Pure Gold, ditto..... 

Gold, 22 carats fine, of the standards of London and 

Paris, hammered. 

Mercury. 

Lead, cast . 

Pure Silver, hammered. 

Copper, cast... 

Iron, cast ... 

Purbeck Stone . 

Salt. 

Water. 


20 

19 

17 

13 

11 

10 

8 

7 

2 

2 

60° 


Enos had his Platina hammered quite NeW. 

Caiman found pure gold a LuG. 

Gold, 22 carats fine, might do on Mahalaleel’s mug for a 
ToY. 

Jared could not be like thieving Mercury or mischievous 
ToM. 

Enoch might think leaden bullets could not reach the ToP. 

Methusaleh was too old not to know that, compared with 
gold, pure silver was LoW. 

Copper cast for Lamech was often in uSe. 

Noah might suppose iron cast sounded like eYe. 

The last consonant in Gopher or StoNe, shews the pro¬ 
portion of salt to water DeW. 


* “ Or the relative weight of a given volume of each substance, com¬ 
pared with the same volume of some other substance, taken as a standard \ 
and which is, usually, distilled water at some given temperature.”— Rce$’s 
Cyclopaedia. Gravity. 













CHRONOLOGY. 


\ 


KINGS OF ENGLAND, SINCE THE CONQUEST. 


One thousand years is supposed in each date in the table. 
The facts are chiefly taken from Coote’s History of England. 


William I. (for 1066)., 

66 

William II. 

87 

Henry I. 

100 

Stephen . 

135 

Henry 11. 

154 

Richard I. 

189 

John ... 

199 

Henry III. 

216 

Edward I. 

272 

Edward II. 

307 

Edward III.. 

327 

Richard II. 

377 

Henry IV. 

399 

Henry V. 

413 

Henry VI. 

422 

Edward IV. 

461 

Edward V. ) 

483 

Richard III. i 



Henry VII. 


Henry VIII. 


Edward VI..... 


Mary ... 


Elizabeth...... 


James I. 


Charles I. 


Interregnum .. 


Charles II. 


James II. 


William III. 


Anne . 


George I. 


George II. 


George III. ..., 


George IV. 



Enos saw a the first conquering William b transplanted 
from its native c BeD. 


—-'----—-- 4 

a William the First, the Conqueror. b He came from Normandy. 
c BeD, 66. The dates are printed in Capitals, that which is true in 
Roman, fictitious matter unavoidably introduced to connect, in Italic. 


E 





































26 

The list was twice ''reddened with the red William, c wiu!e 
Robert was eaSY. 

The Jug is transformed into a henery or hen-house , where 
they hatch 'reforms and measures for cheaP CoCoa. 

Jared g stiven in prison, but h Maud is obliged To MoVe. 

Enoch has a double henery under 'Plantagenet’s LiVe oaK. 

Methuselah , though old , was the k first rich herd who 
showed a lion’s heart at Aeon’s sharP SieGe. 

Johnny Lantech^ 'in contending with the Pope, of mis¬ 
chief found a fulL eGG. 

Noah's triple henery full of ™ barons, for restlessness might 
be NoTeD. 

Instead of the Gopher "on London’s tower, one Head 
who °ghins Scotland, loses and tries to ReJoiN. 

p Two heads play on three fifes a retreat, because the 
Scotch flaMe aWaY. 

A triple headed line to adorn the Knight Errants’ q black 
arMouRY. 


d Reddened (Rufus). 

€ The friends of Robert made some efforts to obtain him the kingdom, 
but failed through his inactivity. 

f Henry I. reformed abuses, granted a charter of liberties, and ap¬ 
pointed a standard of weights and measures. 

g Stephen was confined in Bristol Castle. 

h A civil war between Stephen and Maud, or Matilda, daughter of 
Henry I. She is at last obliged to move from the kingdom. 

* Henry II. the first of the Plantagenets. 

k Richard Coeur de Lion took Aeon, which had long been besieged by 
the Crusaders without success. 

1 Much contention between John and the Pope. 

m Henry III.’s contests with his Parliament ended in the Baron’s war. 

n Edward I. puts the head of Lewellyn, the Prince of the Welch, on 
the Tower. 

° In this reign several attempts to subdue Scotland. 

p Scots several times defeat the English, and pursue Edward II. to the 
walls of York. 

9 The son of Edward 111. was called the Black Prince, from his wearing 
black armour. 


1 




27 

At Babylon and Egypt two rich herds, r Wat’s death 
gives theM JoY. 

A Quartetto of 8 British poets in the henery, drinking 
Belus's cocoa , which sets their fa Me aGoG. 

The five fingered glove of Ninus for the five clawed 
henery of Britain, and ‘France to hold the HeLM., 

In the booc of flame half a dozen heneries, where we 
"lose all the French flaming HoNoR. 

The four-headed sword of the Titans to cure * Warwick, 
a rebel by HaBiT. 

On the freaking crook five young heads, but the third 
rich herd y under the stairs managed to HouSe ’eM. 

Seven-fold flood of chains to enclose the heneries, and in 
the z uew world to keep eacH SaFe. 

The generation of mushrooms might serve a baker’s dozen 
of "eight heneries and six wives for ketchup , and each to 
liaVe a CaG. 

Areopagus' bush had half a dozen heads, and to b four hos¬ 
pitals gaVe a KeY. 

Our first Queen would be merry in a ship , burning 
Protestants in spite oF FaMe. 

Laws for Ceres , a great Bet in c Mary Scot’s game at 
FiVeS. 


r Wat Tyler killed in the reign of Richard II. 
s Geoffrey Chaucer and John Gower, 
t Henry V. conquered France, 
u Henry VI. lost all France but Calais. 

x The Earl of Warwick first promoted the election of Edward IV. and 
then opposed him. 

y Richard III. had the young Princes murdered, and buried under the 
stairs in the Tower. 

z Henry VII. granted a patent to John Cabot to go on the discovery of 
new land in America. 

a Henry VIII. had six wives. 

b Edward VI. confirmed and founded four hospitals, 
c In Elizabeth’s reign, Mary Queen of Scots put to death. 




V 


28 

Eglon might he called Jemmy, to see him Guy Faux 
woulD Co Me. 

The fleecy ABC was too soft for the d first churl, who 
died BRaVe, e after bidding the DuKe Go. 

Towns Herculanean had a churl at each end, who f said 
Nonconformists shoulD BoW. 

Jephthah's navy might carry the "second Jemmy to St. 
Germains to Be SaFe. 

If the compass of Saul were less than a triangle of '‘exche¬ 
quer bills it would Be SaGe. 

Saul-Anne crutches with ' Marlborough must surely WiN. 

Solomon's laurel on the Georges would have agaY LooK, 
JoinYe, You BoW, So NiCe. 


UNIVERSAL CHRONOLOGY. 

The symbols form an extensive Chronology of Universal 
History, the ten walls being ten eras, and each symbol re¬ 
ferring to an event in history, as may be seen in the table, 
p. 32 et sequens. 

The first room contains Ancient History. 

On the floor are the Antediluvian Patriarchs (excepting 
the two first), and the command to build the Ark. 

The first wall commences with the flood. 

The second, with the appearing of the Almighty to Moses. 
The third, with the birth of Lycurgus, and Omri’s removal 
to Samaria. 


d Charles I. in some things behaved churlishly, but firmly at his death. 
e The Duke of Buckingham, the King’s brother, went to Portsmouth 
(where he was assassinated), with a view to proceed in a third attempt to 
relieve Rochelle. DuKe Go expresses the date of the Interregnum, 
f In Charles II.’s reign a severe act passed against Nonconformists, 
g James II. when forced to quit England, fled to St. Germains, 
h In William III.’s reign exchequer bills were first used. 

* Duke of Marlborough, Generalissimo to Anne. 





29 

i \ 

The fourth, with the return of the Jews from the Babylo¬ 
nish captivity. * 


The second room contains Modern History. The floor 
or fifth wall begins seventy years after the birth of Christ, 
with the destruction of Jerusalem : symbol 51. 

The sixth wall, with the destruction of the Western Roman 
Empire. 

The seventh, with the Imperial Coronation of Charlemagne. 

The eighth, with the Norman conquest. 

The ninth, with the Reformation. 

The following words will give the dates of the commence¬ 
ment of the last nine of the above epochs (that of the first 
being, of course, A.M. 1). They are taken from the table. 

DiViDe, FLaMe, YeS, KeYS, JeW, oH JoB, YeGoG, 
BeD, FLY. 


Observe, —The date on the first wall is above 1000 ; 
the second wall is above 2000 ; the third, above 3000 ; the 
fourth, approaching 4000:—in the second room, those on the 
fifth, sixth, and seventh walls are less than 1000; those on 
the eighth and ninth, above 1000:—therefore the words 
express the dates, thus:— 


A.M. 

DiViDe The Flood.. 1656 

FLaMe The burning bush.... 2513 
YeS ' Lycurgus . 3078 


KeYS Return of the Jews .. 3478 


A.D. 

JeW Jerusalem destroyed.. 70 

oH JoB Western Empire ditto. 476 

YeGoG Charlemagne . 799 

BeD Norman Conquest .. 1066 

FLY Reformation . 1517 


The names of the symbols on the walls are compound, 
two ideas are in each of them joined together, and each 








30 

refers to a distinct date, as in symbol 51, (Falling Zion’s 
epistle,) there is a reference to the fall of Jerusalem, and to 
the epistle of Pliny, the date of one being A.D. 70, and of 
the other A.D. 120. 

As nine events are fixed on the floor, and twenty on each 
of the walls, and as the events in each era occurred at nearly 
an equal distance of time from each other, with the dates of the 
epochs given in the foregoing words,—DiViDe, FLaMe, &c.— 
the symbols afford us an arrangement of facts in ancient and 
modern history ; and for some persons it may be sufficient to 
observe, that the events on the floor took place at about 
two hundred years distance of time from each other, and all 
the others at about twenty or thirty years from each other. 

In the table, the first five columns give the names of the 
symbols, and the events and dates in Chronology referred to 
by them. In the sixth column there are associations to give 
the exact dates of the events fixed by the symbols, and these 
associations are formed in rhyme, and composed of facts. 

The dates are printed in Capitals, that which is true in 
Roman, fictitious matter unavoidably introduced to connect, 
in Italic. 

In each couplet, the date given in,capitals refers to the 
first event mentioned in it, which is followed by a series 
of facts in their proper order. 

If the reader’s object be the knowledge of the events in 
their order referred to by the symbols, he (having learned the 
symbols) has only to consult the explanation in columns three 
and four of the table. If he wish to acquire those events, 
with their exact dates , and also the facts which are introduced 
in the lines, he has only to commit the lines to memory, 
which he will find very easy to do, from their connexion 
with the symbols, &c. 


MNEMONICAL TABLE 


AND 


CBRONOLOaiCAL LINES 


OP 


Slnibersal 


Named- 


32 


SYMBOLS. 


— <v 

nr 
O u 



Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Enos. 


List. 


In attitude 
of prayer. 


With four 
names. 


Birth of Enos. In his 
days men began to call 
on the name of the Lord. 
Glen. iv. 26. •*».«.«••• 
(* The son of Seth, the 
son of Adam.) 

Cainan, the fourth pa¬ 
triarch, born. 


3 


4 


b 



Jared. 


Enoch. 


To prevent 
too great si¬ 
milarity in 
the symbols, 
the jug, &c. 
are used for 
some of the 
historical 
characters; 
the jug for 
Mahalaleel, 
because it 
occurs in the 
lines. 

Lamenting, 
as Lamech 
did. Gen. iv. 
23. 


Ascending. 


Mahalaleel born 


Jared born. Lamech 
contemporary with him, 
the one. being the sixth 
patriarch in the line of 
Seth, the other the seventh 

in the line of Cain. 

(The children of La¬ 
mech, the founders of pas¬ 
torals, &c. Gen. iv. 20, 
22 .) 

Enoch born. 

-translated. 


1 


'* The Events within paren¬ 
theses are introduced in the 
Lines, the others are referred to 
by the Symbols. 














o -3 
C (3 

S § 


33 

LINES 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


235 


325 


395 


Enos, next to good Selii, Adam’s son, claims the fame 
of. 

For then men worshipp’d God, and call’d oft on the 
NaMe oF. 


On the list then came Cainan, and fathers made four 

°f. 

And as still we pursue the same, them we find MoRe 
oF. 

Then Mahalaleel* praising God, fifthly, we have; 
And confessing the Being who all his tiMe GaVe. 




Jared nearly with Lamech in Cain’s line contempo. 
Who, midst shepherds, brass, iron, and music, Hal> 


Woe. 


/ 


460 


622 


The first prophet was Enoch, who’d man’s fall’ll state 
mourn, 

Till, in mercy divine, to heav’n joyful he’s BoRNe. 


* Mahalaleel signifies praising God. . The jug might be used in 
a libation. 


F 






34 


SYMBOLS. 





G 


Methusa- 


leh 


Lamech. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Gazing af¬ 
ter Enoch. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Methusaleh born..... 
He was living when 
Enoch was translated. 

Lantech, in Seth’s line, 
born. 


Nest 

Gopher- 
tree. 

Fifing 

10-i 

\ 

Antedilu- 
_ vians. 


8 


9 


Shem’s line 


For Noah, 
his name sig¬ 
nifying rest, 
Gen. v. 29. 


Three fifes 

for Noah’s 

\ 

three sons. 
Shem »was 
the second 
son, but we 
preserve the 
date of his 
birth as the 
progenitor of 
theHebrews. 

The globe 
divided be¬ 
tween Ante 
and Postdi- 
luvians. 


to Babel. 


Noah born 


Noah commanded to 
build an ark of Gopher 

tree... 

Japheth born. 

Shem born, (FiFeS, 
1558.) 

Ham born. 


The deluge. 


Eber born, the Father of 
the Hebrews, in the line 

of Shem. 

(Dodanim and Nimrod, 
grandsons of Japheth and 
Ham.) 

Building of Babel. 

(Birth of Pelcg. Dis¬ 
persion : which is signified 
by his name.) 






















I 


/ 


1 

35 

LINES 

Anno 

Mundi. 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 

087 

> 

After him gaz'd Methusaleli, until he teas dizzy» 

Who nine hundred and sixty-nine years was quite 

Busy. 

874 

The poor Lantech, in Cain’s line, his troubles pro¬ 
voke, [JoKe. 

1050* 

But his namesake, in Seth’s, might love pipes tor hiS 

And he, like a fond parent, with hopes highly buoy’d. 

Gave his child the name Na, who ne’er made his peace 

VoiD : 

15 36 
1556 

But direction receiv’d, and of Gopher th’ ark fram’d. 

Which was then, and e’er since, has been very much 

FaM’D. 

Now young Japheth, Shem, Ham, might well keep 
away strifes. 

Though born nearly together, by playing on FiFeS : 

# « 

1 656 

» 

And charm Antes and Postes, who stand on each side. 

While sublimely the flood, between worlds would 

DiViDe. . 

17*23 

✓ 

Says the great grandson of Shem, “ Of a different line 
ye, 

“ Yet in time, how Dodanim and Nimrod you JoiN 
“ Me !” 

,1757 

To the Builders of Babel, poor Peleg might say, 

“ By inv name (is as vain as a ditch that theY ieA 

* 

J kJ 

f 


/ 




36 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 


oj *-• 

!*§ 
e> JSr 
£0 


Names. 


Explanation 
Plates 1 & 


of Referred to by the Symbols and 
2. Lines. 


Observa¬ 
tions of 



k. Misraim. 


Founding 
his kingdom. 



Belus’s 


Cocoa. 


Glove 



Belus tra¬ 
velling. 

For Noah 
at China. 
His drinking 
out of one. 
there is a 
fictitious 
idea borrow¬ 
ed from the 
lines. 

Glove, for 
Egialus lay¬ 
ing his hand 
on the Pelo¬ 
ponnesus. 


. Babylonian. 


Babylon. 

w 


Celestial observations of 
the Chaldeans begun at 
Babylon, (according to a 
register sent byCalisthenes 
to Aristotle. 

Reu born, the fourth 
postdiluvian patriarch.) 

Misraim begins the 
kingdom of Egypt. 

(Serug born. 

Nahor born. 

Terah born.) 

Belus reigns at Nineveh, 
&c. (thus Rollin reads 
Gen. x. 11.) 

Noah supposed to found 
the Chinese monarchy, 
and to be known by the 
natives, under the name 
of Fohi. 


Egialus settles in the 
Peloponnesus. ...... ,. 

(His kingdom at first 
called Egialeia, afterwards 
Apia, and finally Sicyon, 
being the oldest of the 
Grecian states.) 

Ninus,son and successor 
of Belus, takes Babylon, 
(and begins the first As¬ 
syrian monarchy.). 


« 


/ 



















37 

LINES 



1770 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Observations at Bab’lon, Calisthenes true, 

Reu, call out against him, “ you jew; oh, You JeW V* 




1016 


In Egyptian mud Misraim might long, long preside. 
Begin Serug, and Nahor, and Terah to SLiDe. 


1880 To keep Nineveh, Resen, and others in awe, 
Belus travels from city to city. See SaW. 

When dispersing about, ancient Noah might go, 
And drink Bohea at China, in a larGe CoCoa. 


1000 


1915 


Peloponnesus feels Egialus’s love. 

Unto Apia and Sieyon, right through his GLoVe. 


Behold Ninus takes Bab’lon, and makes the place 
thrive. 

For he soon with Assyrian bees lills the liuGe HiVe. 


1945 






38 


SYMBOLS. 



Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


( Box 


15 \ 

l 


l of flame. 


1G< 


f Fighting 

i 

i 


17 


Thunder¬ 

bolts. 


^ Freaking- 


t Cr 


Crook. 


For 
n us. 


Ura- 


Inachus on 
stilts. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Uranus, son of Ceelus, 
reigns over tiie Celts. 

(Abram born. 

First revolt of the Ti¬ 
tans, or family of Uranus, 
who is deposed, and his 
youngest son Saturn, or 
Chronus, reigns in his 
stead. 

Birth of Jupiter, son 
of Saturn. His son Apis 
was worshipped in the 
form of an ox.) 

Zoroaster the Bactrian, 
chief' of the Guebres, or 
worshippers of fire, and 
Hermes the Egyptian, are 
supposed to have lived 
about this time. 

(Abram commanded to 
leave Haran, to which 
place lie had been remov¬ 
ed from Ur.). 

Abram defeats the Ela¬ 
mites* . 

(Sodom and Gomorrah 
destroyed.) 

Second revolt of the 
Titans. Saturn is depos¬ 
ed. Jupiter restores him. 

(Isaac born.). 

Argos founded by 

In^chus. 

Pastoral Jacob born... 


(Ogyges reigns in Boeo- 
tia. Amenophis having 
subdued the petty sove" 
reigns, assumes the title 
of Pharoah in Egypt.) 


\ 


















I 


39 

LINES 


o •-& 

CJ CJ 
« § 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

,to by the Symbols. 


2008 


Faithful Abram and Saturn shut Uranus’s box; 
And out pops little Jupiter, who lovVl an oX. 


r 


He flies far, from the vile Zoroaster’s high flame. 

And soon Haran must quit, to shun doing the SaMe. 


2083 


2092 


Next he fights Elamites, till away they all run. 
And fall Sodom, Gomorrah, without e’er a GuN. 


2108 

2148 

2168 


The brave Titans, young Isaac, would avenge their own 
cause; 

They are forc’d to submit to young Jupiter’s LaWS. 

Argos, founded by Inachus in his droll freaks , 

Near the most west of all the Peloponnesian PeaKS. 
Jacob’s born before Ogyges reigns, and he adds 
To Amenophis, first of those fine Pharoah LaDS: 







40 


SYMBOLS. 



Flood 


18 { 


i 

L of chains. 


Generation 




Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Book of 
Genesis 


of Mush¬ 
rooms. 


Areopagus 


20 


[ Bush. 


for Troy, &c. 

quickly 

raised. 


An areopa- 
gite on the 


flood., 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Deluge of Ogyges, by 
which Attica is laid waste. 

(Jacob goes to Padan 
Haran.) 

Joseph born. ... 

--imprisoned. 

(Shechemites destroy¬ 
ed.) 

- Genesis ends. 

(Joseph dies. 

Chronology of the Pa¬ 
rian marbles begins with 
the arrival of Cecrops in 
Attica, twenty-five years 
before the usual compu¬ 
tation. 

Moses born.). 

Troy founded by Sca¬ 
nt ander. 

Corinth, or Ephvra. re¬ 
built. 

Lacedemon founded by 
Lelex. 

The Council of the 
Areopagus established at 
Athens. Deluge of Deu¬ 
calion, in Thessaly. 

(Europa, daughter of 
Agenor, carried away: her 
three brothers go in pur¬ 
suit of her.) 

God appears to Moses 
in a burning bush....... 

(The Ten Command¬ 
ments given,and with them, 
—I believe, after much 
investigation, though con¬ 
trary to the general opi¬ 
nion of historians,—the 
knowledge of letters.) 


v 



















I 


j § 


2240 


2259 


23G9 


41 

LINES 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


But all Attica, Ogyges makes in a slough ; 

And to Padan for wife travels Jacob, No HoIV. 


Joseph, fourteen, before the affair the most savage, 
Which made, midst the poor Shechemites, most horrid 
RaVaGe. 

He shuts Genesis dying, ope’s Paros so snug, 

With old Cecrops in Attica. Who for eM DuG? 


2433 


The meek Moses is born, when like Mushrooms, they 
raise 

Troy, and Corinth, and Lac’domon, with mucH aMaZe! 


2197 


Areopagites judge; floods Deucalion say. 

And the Brothers, Europa would bring on tHc QmY . 



•i 


2513 


The bush burns before Moses, who hears the great 
name. 

And receives the commands in a bright Hebrew' 
FLaMe. 


G 





42 


SYMBOLS. 



Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Ship 


2l<! 


for land. 


Laws 


22 


i 

1 


K 


for Ceres. 


Eglon 


23 <! 


and 


Sisera. 


Danaus arrives in 
Greece from Egypt, the 
first ship ever seen in the 

former country. 

(The first Olympic 
Games celebrated at Elis. 

Joshua divides the land 
of Canaan among the 

tribes of Israel. 

(He rests from his con¬ 
quests the sabbatical 
year. 

The Israelites, for their 
idolatry, are delivered to 
the power of Chushan 

Rishathaim.) .. 

Minos governs in Crete, 
and gives them a code of 
laws. 

(Othniel,the first judge, 
delivers Israel.) 

Ceres arrives at Athens, 
and teaches the people 

the culture of corn. 

(Triptolemus, her pupil, 
institutes the mysteries at 
Eleusis.) 

Ehud,the secondjudge, 

kills Eglon. 

(Perseus begins the 
kingdom of Mycenae by 
the division of that of 
Argos.) 

Jael kills Sisera....... 

(The Siculi emigrate 
from Italy, and settle in 
Trinacria, from them 
called Sicily.) 


















Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


j * 


2519 


The first ship comes, with Danaus, to Greece ev’ry 
league ; 

Yet they play at th’ Olympic, not minding FaTiGue. 


Joshua portions the land, but no further will wag; 
The first year that’s sabbatic, who could loVc FaG? 


2559 


Chushan Rishathaim thinks that ’iis surely a maggot 
For all Minos’s laws to bring Othniel’s FaGOT 


2591 


2G2L 


To fam’d Athens comes Ceres; her myst'ries they’ve 
pat 

At Eleusis, taught by Triptol, her dearest BRaT. 


2679 


• « 

Ehud slily kills Eglon, then locks him up snug. 

And the rising Mycenae enjoy an odD JuG. 


2719 


Jael, as Siculi, to Trinacre stretch leg, 
Drives in Sisera’s temples a sad surlY PeG. 








44 


SYMBOLS. 


CJ r-H 

S o; 
P *-• 


Names. 


r 


Fleecy 


24 


L Letters. 


Towns 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


25 < 


Herculanean. 


26 { 


f Jephtliah’s 

I 

i 


L Navy. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Jason, and his compa¬ 
nions the Argonauts, un¬ 
dertake an expedition to 

Colchis. 

(Tyre rebuilt. 

Gideon uses a sign.— 
Judg. vi. 36—40. and de¬ 
feats the Midianites.) 
Evander brings acolonv 

of Arcadians and the 

\ 

Greek Alphabet,in to Italy. 

(Abimelech usurps the 
title of king for three 
years.) 

Theseus collects the 
twelve cities of Attica into 

one city. 

(Carthage supposed to 
be founded by a colony of 
Tyrians.) 

Hercules celebrates the 

Olympic Games... 

(The Theban wars of 
the seven heroes and their 
relatives. 

The Amazons, invading 
Attica, are defeated by 
Theseus.) 

Jephthah defeats the 

Ammonites. 

(His vow. Judges xi. 
29—40. Troy taken, and 
burned to the ground.) 

' The Lydians acquire 
the maritime power in the 

Mediterranean. 

(Samson slays one thou¬ 
sand Philistines with the 
jaw-bone of an ass.) 




















Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 



2741 


/ 

Fetch the golden fleece, Jason ; now Tyre, keep the 
joke up; 

Wet and dry breaks, brave Gideon, Midian’s YoKe uP. 


2701 


hi Greek letters, Evander, to Latiuni holds up 
Poor Abimelech’s rise, who soon gave the JoB uP. 


2771 


Twelve towns Theseus joins; may no discord destroy it; 
And for Carthage, the sons of Tyre hope to enJoY iT. 


2782- 


At Olympic is Hercules, Theban wars blaze on, 
And the Amazons fall, before Theseus plaYS oN. 


2010 


The rash Jepthah, returning from Ammon full crested, 
By the fierce flames of Troy, on a suddens arreSTeD. 




2025 


In the Midland seas, Lydians others defy; 

But the Philistines c^n’t with Manoah’s SoN Vie. 





46 



SYMBOLS. 

EVENTS 

Nume. 

Order. 

Names. 

• 

Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 

Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 

r 

i 

*27 

1 

Compass 


About this time the use 
of the mariner’s compass 
is said to have been known 
in China. 

L of Saul. 

Saul hold¬ 
ing a wig. 

(Samuel succeeds Eli in 

the priesthood. 

The Heraclidse return 
into the Peloponnesus.) 
Samuel anoints Saul... 

f 

1 

28 

t 

Saul’s 


(Royalty abolished at 
Athens, and the govern¬ 
ment of archons begins 
under Medon.) . 

L Crutches. 


Saul at Samuel’s grave. 
David takes Jerusalem, 
with the blind and lame. 

2 Sam. v. 6—9. 

(The Ionians migrate 
from Greece to Asia 
Minor.) 

I Solomon’s 


Solomon’s fleet sails to 

i 

•20 { 

1 

fleet 


Ophir. 

- 


(Separation of the king¬ 
doms of Israel and .1 udah.) 

L Laurel. 

of Shishak 

Shishak, king of Egypt, 



and Benha- 
dad. 

takes Jerusalem.. 

Benhadad 1. takes se¬ 
veral cities from Baasha, 


king of Israel. 

Lycurgus, the Spartan 

legislator, born. 

Omri transfers the seat 
of the kingdom of Israel 
from Tirza to Samaria... 

(Homer and Hesiod flou¬ 
rish.) 


30- 


Code 
of a 

Kingdom. 

















47 

LINES 


© ^3 

g a 
5 a 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


u 


Oh, ye Chinese;” cry Samuel, priest and a jew, 

1 have grand sacred robes, and I’ll soon compaSS 
" You.” 


‘2887 

2909 


Just nine years from return of Heraclidac big, 

The Herculean Saul crown’d ; might wear a biG WiG. 

Cruel archons, at Athens, on fallen Saul take , 

The advantage which arts of Old Endor’shaG MaKe. 


2934 


2956 


In the capital David finds blind,lame, and good; 

So Heigh-ho , ye Ionian’s, here’s your stronG FooD. 


For the fine gold of Ophir, Sol’s fleet gaily goes: 
3008 Rehoboam splits land, to the joy of its foeS. 

To that land soon fierce Shishak, the conqueror, came; 
3033 And Benhadad to Israel, the empire to MaiM. 


3078 


The bold Spartans, their lawyer Lycurgus, should bless; 
If he enter’d the world, crying, “ yes, yes, oh YeS.” 
Omri moves to Samaria, makes a great show ; 

But at Greece—Homer, Hesiod stay—verses to SoW. 


3080 






Nume 

Order 


48 


r 

i 



■ 




SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 


Names. 

Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 

Jewish 


Kings 

and 

1 

Sceptre. / 

of Hazaei. 


! 


Scales 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Jehoshaphat, succeeds 

j\. sa • *•••• 

Ahab killed. (Elijah 
translated.) 

Hazaei puts Benliadad 
to death, and reigns in his 
stead, (according to the 
prophecy of Elisha.) 

Phidon, king of Argos, 
invented weights and mea¬ 
sures *. .. 


for the 


Scourge. 


Burning 


Nose. 


of Hazaei. 


In danger 
of being lost 
by Uzziah. 


(Dido builds or enlarges 
Carthage. 

Jonah t prophecies a- 
gainst Nineveh.) 

Hazae! desolates a great 

part of Judah. 

(Phenicians are the se¬ 
venth who acquire the ma¬ 
ritime power of the Medi¬ 
terranean.) 

Arbaces and Belesis re¬ 
bel and take Nineveh 
Sardanaplus burns him¬ 
self to death. ... 

(The three earliest pro¬ 
phets after Jonah—Joel, 
Amos, and Hosea. 

Caranus begins the 
kingdom of Macedon. 

The twenty-eighth O- 
lympiad, called the first.) 

Uzziah offers incense, 
and is struck with leprosy. 
(Isaiah prophesies.) 


* This is the account of 
Chronologers, but must not. 
scales be at least as old as Abra- 
j bam 1 Gen. xxiii. 1G. 

I t There is some allusion in 
> the lines to all the prophets. 























49 

LINES 


©-3 

j § 


\ *■ *“ • • • ' - - 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


3090 


With Jehoshaphat, Ahab, see ’lijah’s steeds go ; 
And consider thy folly, and sure cominG Woe. 


3120 


As Elisha had, to his surprize prophesied, 
Reigns Hazael, in cruelty, splendor, and PRiDe. 


3135 


Scales of Phidon, great ups and downs, go to the 
chime of, 

Rise of Carthage, and Nineveh’s fall, speak the TiMe 
oF. 


3105 


While Hazael’s lierce passions around Judah drive. 
In the mid-seas, Phenicians the seventh tliaT DiVe. 


3184 


Sardanaplus burns Nineveh : three if their task 
They can see, who build Macedon, ne’er stay To aSK. 


3228 


They in first us’d Olympiad so interpose, 

That one’s like. Oh Isaiah, to have ne’eR a NoSe. 



H 





Order. 


50 


SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


f Roman 

i 

l 

34 <( 

[ Records. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Rome on 
her hills. 


"" Shalman- 
ezer’s Stand¬ 
ard 

35 for 


Months. 


January 
and Febru¬ 
ary. 


EVENTS 

Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Rome built. 

(Romans and Sabines, 
after a war of three years, 
agree to unite. Nahum 
and Micah prophesy.) 

Era of Nabonassar be~ 
gins: he assumes the title 
of king of Babylon, and 
orders the annals of his 
predecessors to be burned. 

(Pharnaces begins the 
kingdom of Cappadocia. 

The first war of the La¬ 
cedemonians against the 
Messenians begins. 

The prophet Habak- 
kuk.) 

Shalmanezer takes Sa¬ 
maria, and carries the ten 

tribes into captivity. 

(Sennacherib king of 
Assyria, his army of 
185,000 men destroyed 
by the angel.) 

Numa Pompilius cor¬ 
rects the calendar, and 
adds January and Febru¬ 
ary ... 

(Holofernes killed by 
Judith.) 


\ 


/ 














51 

LINES 


O 

« tS 
3 


3251 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Their own city the Romans found, Sabines they fight. 
And to friendliest league (Nahum, Micah*) iNViTe. 


By the flames, Nabonassar make (Pharnaces) fly. 
And Messenia,Lac’demon, (Hab.) terRiFY. 


3257 


* 


3283 


Shalmanezer’s strong arms bring Samaria’s doom. 

And the strokes of the angel Sennacherib’s coNSuMe. 


3295 


To the list, Numa’s months, their admission must 
crave. 

Which, to Holofernes, Judith the artful oNe GaVe. 


* In the lines, these and a few other names are included in 
parentheses, because they are not connected with the facts ex¬ 
pressed in the couplet ; but are merely named in their order of 
time. 







52 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 


dJ 

— ■— — 


P'S 

Names. 

Explanation of 

£0 

Plates 1 & 2. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Lyre 
36 <( of 


Civil war. 


f Thoth 


37 -<j 


Sow. 


for Draco. 


(Esarhaddon king of 
Assyria takes Babylon, 
and makes it the capital 
of his dominions.) ...... 

Terpander adds three 
strings to the lyre. 

Combat between the 
three Horatii and three 
Curiatii .... .. 

(Babyloir and Assyria 
separated. 

The Cimbri emigrate 
from Germany, and settle 
in Asia Minor. 

Byzantium (now Con¬ 
stantinople) built by a 
Grecian colony.) 

The Thoth of the year 
of Nabonassar, falls on 
the 1st of February, hav¬ 
ing shifted 25 days in 100 
years. 

(The Tartars first men¬ 
tioned in history; they de¬ 
feat the Chinese with a 
great slaughter. 

The prophets, Zepha- 
niah and Jeremiah. Ba¬ 
ruch Jeremiah’s compa¬ 
nion.) 

Draco, archon at A- 
theiify publishes his code 
of laws... 

(Scythians invade Ly¬ 
dia, Media, &c. and take 
several provinces.) 


















LINES 


O -3 

S 3 
j-j 3 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Esarhaddon now takes the Babylonian junk ; 

Turn the three string Terpander quite into a MoNK. 


3324 


3337 


Horatii, Curiatii, Babel, Assur, must fly; 

In the midst they cry , “ Cimbri, Byzant’uM, o MY!’* 


\ 


Nabonassar’s grand Thoth’s twenty-five gone aside; 
Tartars, Chinese not well (Zeph. Jer. Bar.) aMi- 


FieD. 


3356 


To the Scythians Lydians, Medians, bow; 

While old Draco grants laws, cross as a la Me SoW. 


! 


3380 





54 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 



Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Watery 



Circumnavi¬ 

gation. 



Kingdoms 


of 


Oak. 


Mountains 
for king¬ 
doms. 


for Cyrus. 


Canal begun by Pha- 
roah Necho between the 
Nile and Red Sea, but 
not completed. 

(Nineveh taken by Cy- 
axares and Nabopolassar. 
Sarac burns himself in his 
palace.) 

Some Phenicians, by 
order of Pharoah Necho, 
sail round Africa. 

(Daniel interprets Ne¬ 
buchadnezzar’s first 
dream. 

Solon, archon and law¬ 
giver at Athens. 

Thales travels into 
Egypt, (called the milch 
cow in the lines, being 
productive in science,) for 
the knowledge of Geome¬ 
try, &c. 

Ezekiel prophesies.) 

Kingdoms of Judah, 
Tyre, and Egypt con¬ 
quered by Nebuchadnez¬ 
zar. 

(Obadiah prophesies.) 

Cyrus becomes king of 
the Medes and Persians. . 

(Defeats Croesus. Gives 
the Jews liberty to return. 

Pythagoras the Philo¬ 
sopher.) 


| 

I 



\ 
















55 

LINES 



3394 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Pharoah Necho, the water brings onward afar; 

But poor Sarac’s own flames at last make biM Go, 
aH. 


3400 


His Phenicians (and Daniel) steer round their strange 
prow: 

Solon gives, Thales (Zekiel) seeks from the milcH CoW. 


The great conquest of Judah, Tyre, Egypt, so wry, 
Obad. Nebuchadnezzar looks but foolisHLY. 

3417 

Cyrus, both Mede and Persian, tell Croesus in joke 
3454 And Pythagoras, Jews to build well must HaVe oaK . 





EVENTS 


SYMBOLS. 



<v tn 

P'S 

o 


( Books 
of 


40 <[ 


banished 

kings. 


r 

) 


Tragic 


41 ^ 


bludgeon. 


r 


Tribunal 


42 


rani. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


The crown 
laid by. 


The seat 
of a tribune. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


A public library found¬ 
ed at Athens. 

(Haggai and Zechariah. 
Confucius, the Chinese 
Philosopher. 

Darius II ystaspes elect¬ 
ed king of Persia, issues 
an order for rebuilding 
Jerusalem.) 

Tarquin and his family 
expelled Rome. The 
royal government ceases ; 
(the consular begins .... 

Lartius appointed dic¬ 
tator. Coriolanus ba¬ 
nished.) 

iEschylus gains the first 
prize for tragedy at 
Athens.. ... * ,. 

(Xerxes, king of Persia, 
recovers Egypt. Battles of 
Thermopylae and Salamis. 

Pindar, the lyric poet.) 

Cymon defeats the Per- 
sian fieet and army. 

(Athenians tyrannise 
over the rest of Greece.) 

Tribunes assert their 
right of convoking the Se¬ 
nate.) Decemviri created. 

Consular Government 
restoVed. Thucydides ba¬ 
nished. Herodotus reads 
his history at the Olympic 
Games. 

Military tribunes, with 
consular powers, created. 

Censors appointed.) 

Battering rams invented. 

(Phidias the sculptor. 
Eupolis and Aristophanes 
the poets.) 

















57 


LINES 



Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


3478 


l . . ._• 

In the books (Hag. and Zech.), and th’ Athenians, Chi¬ 
nese 

In Confucius have better than Hystaspes’ KeYS. 


‘ 3495 


Roman kings, banish’d Tarquin’s the last clumsy log 

of; 

Consuls, dictators, Coriolanus a HoG oF. 


3518 


Tragic iEschylus, Xerxes, both give their own treats; 
And in poesy young Pindar: o’er Persia fine FeaTS. 


Cymon beat Persian fleet, so Athens the Greek 
3534 While he drubs, and he drubs till he makes the Foe 
MeeK. 

Trib. Decemviri, Consuls, great changes knew; 

But Thucyd’ thinks, Herodotus I may liaVe FeW. 

3550 


3560 


Tribunes, Censors, and battering rams (Malachi) now. 
They make Phidian breath, Aristoph’s comic Foe 
BoW. - ' 


i 




Nume. 

Order. 


58 


i 


SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


Explanation 
Plates 1 & 


of 

2 . 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Peloponne¬ 

sian 


43 ^ 


History. 


Trips to 


44 ^ 


Mausoleum. 


Standards. 


The stream 
of history. 


A Sicilian 
house. 


Mausole¬ 

um. 


Peloponnesian war re¬ 
moved to Sicily. 

(Nicias, the Athenian 
general, loses his army in 
Sicily, through the terror 
excited by an eclipse of 
the moon.) 

History of Thucydides 
ends; that of Xenophon 
begins. 

(Brennus, the Gaul, 
burns Rome.) 

Plato’s first voyage to 
Sicily. 

(Camillus overcomes 
the Volsci. 

Diogenes the cynic. 

L. Manlius lmperiosus 
renews the ceremony of 
fixing the chronological 
nail in the temple of 
Jupiter to expiate the city. 

Marcus Curtius leaps 
into the gulf in the forum. 

Dion, tyrant of Syra¬ 
cuse, put to death by the 
mercenariesofZacynthus.) 

Artemisia, queen of 
Caria, erects a cenotaph 
to her husband, Mauso- 
leus^ deemed one of the 
seven wonders, and giving 
the name of mausoleum to 
grand monuments. 

(Alexander grants leave 
to the Samaritans to erect 
a temple on Mount Geriz- 
zim, in opposition to that 
at Jerusalem.) 




I 
















59 

LINES 


- ✓ 


2 ^3 
A 3 
C!2 


3588 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Peloponnesian war now with Sicily mixes. 

When the moon’s ’clipse poor Nicias’ force soon in 
death FiXeS. 


3595 


Thucyd’, Xenophon now succeed, wave after wave; 
Hist’ry’s tide and the flames, to which Rome the Foe 
’ GaVe. 


3615 


Plato’s Sicily trips, Rome from Volsci relieve; 

But Diogenes’ nail, and the leap, who’d ReLieVe. 


3651 


The tyrannic old Dion, Mausoleum unmeet, 

Or Gerizzini, which Alex grants Jews to DeFeaT. 






Nume. 

Order. 


60 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 



Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Ganges* 


45 ^ 


f Dial. 


Alexander overruns In¬ 
dia as far as the Ganges ; 
his soldiers refuse to cross 

the river... 

(Samnites, at the Cau- 
dine pass, make the Ro¬ 
mans go under the yoke. 

Phocion put to death 
by the Athenians. 

Olympius, mother of 
the deceased Alexander, 
puts Arideus to death. 

The kingdom of Mace¬ 
donia divided, agreeably 
to Daniel , chap. viii. .. 

Euclid, of Alexandria, 
the mathematician.) 

The first sun-dial erect¬ 
ed at Rome. 

(The god Esculapius 
brought from Epidaurus to 
Rome with great cere¬ 
mony, in the shape of a 
monstrous serpent. 

Dionysius,of Alexandria, 
begins his era, calculating 
the year at three hundred 
and sixty-five days, five 
hours, and forty-nine mi¬ 
nutes. 

Ptolemy Philadelphus 
has tha Holy Scriptures 
translated into Greek. 
This translation is com¬ 
monly called the Septu- 
agint.) 









Mundi. 


61 

LINES 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Then from Ganges turns Alex, the yoke must annoy; 
Yet might Phocion’s sad death to Olympius adD JoY. 


3677 



3703 


Crumbs of Macedon, Euclid on Dial can’t slow ’em 
Esculapius Dion, you seventY oWe cM. 


i 




62 


SYMBOLS. 



Silver 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Chest of 
silver. 


4G^ 


Temple 

whip. 


Whip for 
Judas Mac¬ 
cabeus, to 
clear the 
temple with. 




EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(Pyrrhus, king of Epi¬ 
rus, arrives in Italy to as¬ 
sist the Tarentines.) .... 

Silver first coined at 
Rome, five years before 
the first Punic war. 

(Berosus, the Chaldean 
historian. 

The chronology of the 
Arundelian marbles com¬ 
posed. 

Manetho, the Egyptian 
historian.) 

Judas Maccabeus puri¬ 
fies the temple at Jerusa¬ 
lem, and restores the wor¬ 
ship of God there. 

(Cato, the censor, ba¬ 
nishes philosophers and 
rhetoricians from Rome. 

The measurement of 
time by water invented, 
at Rome, by Scipio Na- 
sica. 

Hipparchus observed 
the autumnal equinox.) 















Mundi. 


63 

LINES 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Now would Pyrrhus for silver in Punic wars lurk ; 
But Berosus, from Paros, Manetho he'll JeRK. 


3724 


Judas Mac clears the temple, atid so in a rage, 
Cato, water, and equinox, all the SaMe aGe. 


3839 


\ 


♦ 









Nume. 

Order. 


\ 


'64 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 


Names. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


^ Alexandri¬ 
an 


Ruins of 
Alexandria. 



Library. 


Triumvi¬ 

rate 

40 "i 


-The Tri¬ 
umviri and 
Diodorus. 


Octo. 



Ptolemy Physcon, hav¬ 
ing desolated Alexandria, 
repairs it, and invites there 
the ingenious in arts and 

sciences. 

(The Samaritan temple 
on Mount Gerizzim de¬ 
stroyed by John Hyrca- 
nus I., prince and high 
priest of the Jews. 

Ptolemy sends to Cleo¬ 
patra the head and feet of 
their sort. 

Carthage rebuilt by or¬ 
der of the Roman Senate.) 

Sylla takes Athens and 
sends Apellicon’s library 

to Rome. 

(He burns the capital, 
proscribes senators, &c. 
and is created dictator.) 

Julius Caesar divides 
the republic with Pompey 
and Crassus, which forms 

the first triumvirate. 

Diodorus Siculus, the 
historian. 

Octavius defeats Marc 

Antony.‘. 

(The senate confer on 
Octavius the title of Au¬ 
gustus. 

Virgil and Horace, the 
poets,; likewise Ovid.) 


i 




















4 


Anno 

Mundi. 

65 

LINES 

% 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 

--- . , 

Physcon Alex repairs; go, Hyrcanus, destroy. 
Cleopatra’s line Carthage rebuilds a wiSe BoY. 

3867 

% 

i 

39i 8 

Athen’s library Sy 11a the cruel besets; 

On the commonwealth then, fiercely trampling he 
GeTS. 

» V~ . 1 • 

\ t 

Juli’, Pompev, and Crassus, first triumvira; 

And Diodorus writin gjine boys euGe aH aH. 

3944 


3973 

When Octavius beats poor Mark, August his name ; 
Between Virgil and Horace; 0 how GaY I aiM„ 

, . » 

) | 

* 


K 







/ 



66 


SYMBOLS. 


QJ 

rj « 

S 

3 Jb 

55 O 


Names. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Pride 


of 


49 •< 


_ Geography. 



Throne 

of 


50 < 

\ 

Fire. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Rome at the meridian 
of her glory, all the known 
world either subject to her 
or bound by treaties. .. 

(Augustus corrects the 
calendar, by ordering the 
twelve ensuing years to 
pass without intercalation. 

Herod repairs the tem¬ 
ple.) 

Dionysius the geogra¬ 
pher. .. 

(An interview in the Isle 
of Samos between Cains 
Caesar and Tiberius, 
whereby their mutual 
aversion is rather in¬ 
creased. 

The common Christian 
era commences A.M. 
4004, but the birth of our 
Lord and Saviour Jesus 
Christ took place four 
years earlier.) 

Augustus dies ; Tibe¬ 
rius ascends the throne.. 

(The mathematicians 
and magicians expelled 
Rome. 

John baptizing. 

The ascension of Christ. 

Caligula, after commit¬ 
ting the greatest enormi¬ 
ties, is put to death by 
Chereas and others. 

Caractacus, sent in 
chains to Rome, receives 
his liberty from Claudius. 

St. Paul preaches at 
Athens.) 

Rome set on fire by 
Nero. 
















67 

LINES 



Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Romans, proud in their strength, twelve not intercal’d 
leave, 

After Herod, in temple, had used his larGe SieVe. 




4 


*4r 


4003 


The Geog. Dionysius, say, “ Do you see, 

“ Of peace ’twixt Cains and Tib. ’tis no use to tell 


<< 


Me. 




2 a 

Js 


14 


Oh ! Augustus, you must for Tiberius forsake ; 
Viewing mathes and magi o'er Enon’s broad LaKe. 


33 


The great Saviour ascends: and Chereas one slays. 
Paul, Caractacus, Rome in fierce flames must aMaZe 


Jf 


/ 





68 


<D 

2 

i'S 

£0 




SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 


Names. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Falling 

Zion 


Epistle. 


\ 


Titus, the son of Ves¬ 
pasian, takes Jerusalem.. 

(Herculaneum and Pom¬ 
peii buried by an eruption 
of Vesuvius. 

Julius Agricola reduces 
South Britain to a Roman 
province, and sailinground 
Britain first discovers it 
to be an island. . 

The empire of the H uns, 
in Tartary, destroyed by 
the Chinese. 

St. John banished to 
Patinos.) 

Pliny the younger. Pro- 
consul in Bithynia, sends 
Trojan his celebrated ac¬ 
count of the Christians. 
Lib. x. Ep. 97. 

(Adrian builds a wall 
from Carlisle to Newcas¬ 
tle. 

Aquila translates the 
Old Testament into the 
Greek tongue. 

Adrian rebuilds Jeru¬ 
salem.) 
















Anno 

Domini, 


69 

LINES 

, V 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


70 


Zion falls, Herculaneum, then our form new, 
Chinese drive the Huns, Patmos poor John 
JeW. 


like 


a 


♦ 


/ 


Plin’s epistle, like Adrian’s wall, town to town, 

The Old Testament Greek must revive Salem’s 
ToWN. 


102 




70 


SYMBOLS. 


a; s-, 

S £ 
3^ 


Names. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


the 


Beating 


52 'i 


Silk-worm. 


Sighs 


53 




[ Septuaginta. 


Which 
might be 
heard on ac¬ 
count of the 
changes in 
the empire. 


EVENTS 

Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Adrian’s last blow a- 
gainst the Jews ; banish¬ 
ing them, setting up the 
figure of a swine, and 
raising temples to hea¬ 
then deities in the Holy 
Places, &c. ... 

(Justin Martyr writes 
his first apology for the 
Christians. 

Antoninus defeats the 
Moors, and afterwards the 
Germans and Dacians.) 

The Romans send an 
embassy‘to China, to es- 
tablish a trade in silk... 

(Montauus propagates 
his heresy. 

Com mod us succeeds 
Antoninus, and remits 
the persecution of the 
Christians.) 

Origen born at Alexan¬ 
dria. 

(Four persons assume 
the imperial title: Seve- 
rus prevails over the o- 
thers. 

Symmachus publishes 
a version of the Bible. 

Severus goes to Britain, 
and builds a wall across 
the country, from the 
Frith of Forth, to exclude 
the North Britons. 

M. O. Severus Macri- 
nus procures the assassi¬ 
nation of Caracalla, and 
is proclaimed emperor.) 

The Septuagiut trans¬ 
lation of the Old Testa¬ 
ment found in a cask... 















71 

LINES 



Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


In wrath Adrian’s last, Justin Martyr’s first blow: 

%/ _ 

To Antoninus, Daci, Moors, bow a TaMe Foe. 


135 


The proud Romans fetch silk; spreads Montanus 
things sad, 

16(i Which are e'en for the reign of Commodus Too BaD. 


Well might Origen sigh; upstarts wave alter wave, 
185 And Severus in time, Symmach's book jfwsf To SaVe, 


His wall builds this Severus : Macrinus how sly; 
Peeps the Septuagint from its cask a NeVV eYe. 


207 





Nuuie. 

Order. 


72 


54 


SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Bribes 


l 

I 


J 
'* 


Quadruple. 


A bag* of 
bribes. 


TwoFranks 
and two Per¬ 
sians. 


Heliogabulus bribes the 
Goths not to invade the 
empire. 

(Alexander Severus suc¬ 
ceeds him, passes into 
Gaul and is assassinated. 

The Gordians are in¬ 
vested with imperial dig¬ 
nity ; the younger is kill¬ 
ed ; the father kills him¬ 
self. 

The younger Gordian 
being killed, a son of his 
is made emperor.) 

The Franks first men¬ 
tioned in history. 

Gordian takes some 
Persian cities. 

(Philip praeter murders 
Gordian, and is saluted 
emperor. 

The secular games ce¬ 
lebrated at Rome, to com¬ 
memorate the millennium 
of the city.) 













Domi 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


222 


Heli’gab’ bribes the Goths, thinking they’ll soon be 
gone; 

So Severus and Gordians to ruin RuN oN. 




t 



Ah, the younger new Franks, and the Persians, but 

lazy. 

And in Philip’s Millennium they’re almost gone cRa- 
ZY. 


L 





Nume. 

Order. 


4 


74 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 


Names. 


Explanation of 


Plates 1 & 2. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Hermitage 


To avoid the seventh 


persecution, one Paul re¬ 
tires to Thebais, and lays 
the foundation of the mo- , 
nastic life.. 

(The empire is succes¬ 
sively harrassed in various 
parts, by thirty tyrants or 
pretenders. 

The Goths, Scythians, 
and Franks ravage the 
empire, and Valerian is 
taken prisoner by Sapor.) 



L Quake. 


Earthquakes in Europe, 


Asia, and Africa, with 
three days of darkness... 

(Odenatus king of Pal¬ 
myra dies. 

Claudius the 2nd gains 
a great victory over the 
Goths, Scythians, x and 
Heruli: Aurelian suc¬ 

ceeds him.) 


/ 














D-omim 


LINES 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Hermit Paul, thirty tyrants from Decius they knew ; 
The Goths, Scytb, Franks, and Sapor, call Rome to 
ReVieW". 


250 


262 




Earthquakes o’er the known world, Odeuatus is gone ; 
Second Claude and Aurctian, how they RuB oN, 


\ 





Nume. 


76 


SYMBOLS. 



56 


Botlle 




Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Demon. 


Of perse¬ 
cution. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(Aurelian leads Zeno- 
bia in triumph to Rome. . 

M. A. Probus made 
emperor.) 

Wines first made in 
Britain. 

(Diocletian elected em¬ 
peror. 

The Salian Franks es¬ 
tablish themselves to the 
West and South of the 
Rhine; from them came 
Clodion, “and here,” says 
M. Freret, “ we should fix 
the commencement of the 
French monarchy.” 

The two emperors and 
two caesars march to de¬ 
fend the four quarters of 

the empire.) . 

The tenth and last per¬ 
secution of the Christians. 

(Constantine the Great 
succeeds Constantius. 

Four emperors appear 
in different parts of the 
empire.) 


/ 














Domini. 


77 

LINES 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


274 


With Zenobia, Probus, some wines for a joke: 
Diocletian, Clodion, on Rhine set youR YoKe.* 


291 


Double emp’rors and csesars, the demon bring out: 
Soon great Constantine shines: four imps they siNG 
ouT. 







Nume. 

Order. 



' 



SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


Explanation 
Plates 1 &c 


Crosses 
of Max 


and 

Paul, 


1 


Catholic 


Burgundy. 


Casks 

Burgundy 

wine. 


EVENTS 


of Referred to by the Symbols and 
2. Lines. 


✓ 


of 


Constantine is said to 
see a vision of the cross 
in the clouds. ... 

(He defeats Maxentius, 
and endeavours to recon¬ 
cile the difference be¬ 
tween Alexander and 
Arius. 

The combats of gladi¬ 
ators abolished. 

Constantine transfers 
the seat of the empire to 
Byzantium. 

He is succeeded by his 
three sons, Constantine, 
Constans, and Constan¬ 
ts.) . 

Paul dies. 

(Gallus made cassar. 

Julian apostatizes. 

Jovian favors Christi¬ 
anity.) - 

Valens has eighty ec¬ 
clesiastics, who came to 
soften his rigour against 
the Catholics, burned in 
a ship... 

(The Bible translated 
into the Gothic tongue. 

The sons of Theodo- 
sii/s divide the empire; 
Arcadius has the East 
and Honorius the West.. 

Aiaric plunders and 
burns Rome. 

The Vandals, Alains, 
and Suevi divide Spain.) 

The kingdom of the 
Burgundians begins in Al¬ 
sace, under Gundicar. 






















Anno 

Domini. 


79 

LINES 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


# 


a 12 


By the cross. Max he beats, and the fierce gets be¬ 
tween ; 

Gladiators he scouts, but must Byzant’uM LeaN. 


337 


« 

Three young Constans, with Paul, the first hermit for 
daisy: 

Gallus, Julian, Jovian, all quite aMaZe Ye. 


I 




In a ship Valens burns the poor Catholics, oh! 

When the Bible spreads Gothic, say not J tis MY Woe. 


370 


TJie split empire gains Alarie; Spain can not live ; 
Her to cure. Vandals Burgundy might make theM 
GiVe. 


395 





80 




* 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 



Names. 


f Bow 

I 



Trotting- 

Venice. 


Explanation of Referred to by the Symbols and 
Plates 1 & 2. Lines. 


Theodosius 

bowing. 


(Pharamond begins the 
kingdom of the Franks, 
or French, on the lower 

Rhine.) .. 

Theodosius endeavours 
to restore learning at Con¬ 
stantinople, and publishes 
his code. 

(Genseric, king of the 
Vandals, expels several 
Catholic Bishops, and 
takes Carthage. 


Venice on 
stilts. 


The Piets and Scots 
ravage South Britain.) 

The city and republic 
of Venice take their rise . 

(Genseric plunders 
Rome. 

Vortimer the Briton 
defeated by Hengist, at 
Crayford. 

Chinese sail to the 
North of California. 

Victorinus of Aquitain, 
invents the Pascal cycle. 


/ 



\ 















Domini 


81 

LINES 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 
' to by the Symbols. 


For Franks Pharamond, and Theodosius’s how; 
There’s with Genseric, Cathoes, and Carthage ScotcII 
NoW. 


420 


452 

\ 


Venice, Genseric, Vortimer, Hengist too run; 

Or the Chinese round the Pascal will have so mucH 
FuN. 




M 




Nume. 

Order. 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 



Head 


and 


60 «{ 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Quakes. 


i ^ 

Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(The emperor Severus 
poisoned by Ricimer.) .. 

The Ostrogoths send 
the head of Dinzic, son of 
Attila, to Constantinople. 

(Vesuvius emits ashes as 
far as to Constantinople. 

Hengist the Saxon, trea¬ 
cherously murders 300 
English. 

Odoacer, king of the 
Heruli, deposes Augustu- 
lus, ends the Western em¬ 
pire, and begins the king¬ 
dom of Italy.). 

Part of Constantinople 
destroyed by an earth¬ 
quake of forty days’ con¬ 
tinuance. 

(Zeno, emperor of the 
East, publishes a decree 
of union between parties 
in the church. 

The battle of Soissons 
gained by Clovis, against 
the Roman general; this 
is, by many, deemed the 
true era of the French mo¬ 
narchy. 

The Britons, under Am- 
bro<ssius and Prince Ar¬ 
thur, defeat the Saxons 
under Ella.) 



i 














Domini. 


83 

LINES 


465 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Emperors Ricimer rids: head and ashes arrive : 

Of the English three hundred like Western arcH 
DiVe. 


/ 


476 


Rome, earthquakes forty days, schisms Zeno make 
sob ; 

Clovis Soissons, and Arthur of Britain’s oH JoB. 


i 






l 







Nume. 

Order. 


84 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 


Names. 


Explanation 
Plates 1 & 


of Referred to by the Symbols and 
2. Lines. 


Gelasius’s 


Gelasius 
with the 
codes. 



_ Fleur de lis. 


divided. 



Gelasius, bishop of 
Rome, asserts his supre¬ 
macy as sovereign Pontiff. 

(Fergus begins the king¬ 
dom of Scotland, accord¬ 
ing to the Irish historians; 
those of Scotland give him 
greater antiquity. 

Alaric defeated and 
slain by Clovis.) 

The two codes, La Loy 
Gombette and the Theo- 
dosian, published. 

The dominions of Clo¬ 
vis are divided. ... 

(The Persian and Sara¬ 
cen kings embrace Chris¬ 
tianity. Vitalianus the 
Goth, besieging Constan¬ 
tinople; his fleet is de¬ 
stroyed by means of a 
brass speculum. 

Time computed by the 
Christian era.) 

Dionysius the little 
composes his cycle. 

(Justinian code publish¬ 
ed. Benedictine monks 
instituted. 

The kingdom of Bur¬ 
gundy conquered by the 
kings of Paris and Sois- 
sons. That of the Van¬ 
dals by Belisarius, who 
takes Carthage.) 

The fabrication of silk 
taught at Constantinople, 
by two Indian monks. ... 

(Prince Arthur mortally 
wounded in Cornwall, by 
the treacherous Modred.) 
















Anno 

Domini 



LINES 


404 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Proud Gelasius of Rome, with Scotch Fergus may vie; 
And with Alaric Clovis, while both codes are HiGH. 


511 


France split; Persians and Saracens on the cross call; 
For the speculum Goths; and the era oF aLL. 




526 


Dionysius’ prime cycle, Justinian’s code, 

Benedicts; o’er Burgundians and Carthage we’Ve 
RoaD. 


To make silk learns Constante from Indian unnam’d : 
Through the murder’d Prince Arthur was Modred 
much FaMeD. 

S 


536 






/ 


86 


SYMBOLS. 



Polish 

warlike 




^ Hog*. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Polish 

arms. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


The slate of Poland 
formed by Leclius, who 
takes the title of duke. .. 

The Civil wars in 
France. Clothaire be¬ 
comes the sovereign. 

(The Danube frozen; 
the Huns cross it: Beli- 
sarius gives them a sum 
of money to spare Con¬ 
stantinople. 

Narses invites the Lom¬ 
bards to settle in Italy. 

Fhe Turks send an 
embassy from Scythia to 
Constantinople, concern¬ 
ing a trade in silk; the first 
notice of these people in 
history. 


Longinus 


governs 


in 


Italy as exarch.) 

The first monastery 
founded in Bavaria. 

(The Lombards go¬ 
verned by dukes, and af¬ 
terwards by a king.) 
















Anno 

Domini. 


87 

LINES 

\- f 

Referring to some Events, e:nd giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


550 


Poles and French wars, then Huns cross the Danube 
in trice; 

Narses will have the Lombards Italian stiFF iCe. 


Turkey silk for Longinus, monastical hog; 

O'er the Lombards in Rome, midst their dukes a gruFf 
DoG. 


5G9 







SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS - 



o 


Latin 


64 •{ 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


The num¬ 
ber 6 for La¬ 
tin, the nu¬ 
merals in 
XatTEivog 
amounting to 
66G. 


_ Raft. 


For Augus¬ 
tine to sail 
upon. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(Chosroes the great, 
king of Persia, defeated 
by the Roman general 
Justinian. He afterwards 
dies of grief.. 

Antioch destroyed by 
an earthquake.) 

The Latin ceases to be 
spoken in Italy. 

(Fiefs have'their origin 
in France. 

John, patriarch of Con¬ 
stantinople, assumes the 
title of universal Bishop, 
in opposition to the pope 
of Rome.) 

Augustine arrives in 
England, attended by for¬ 
ty monks. 

(Romans lose nearly all 
their possessions in Asia. 

St. Paul’s church in 
London founded by Ethel- 
bert. 

Through the conces¬ 
sions of Phocas, the tem¬ 
poral power of the Pope 
begins.) 


/ 













Domini. 


89 

LINES 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Speak of Chosroes and Antioch, Latin my Bob , 
Rise of fiefs, John of Cons, each a right o Fie JoB. 


576 


/ 


I 


597 


When Augustine arrives, Rome from Asia away; 
Saint Paul’s Ethelhert; Phocas make pope’s a 
GaY. 


liFe 


ft 


N- 


N 







Nume. 

Order. 


90 


SYMBOLS. 



Retreat 


65 ^ for 


Chosrocs. 


Rooks 
burned 


i 

m H h y 


l Omar. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Horn to 
sound a re¬ 
treat. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(The Saracens, or A- 

rabs, ravage Syria. 

Constantinople plun¬ 
dered by the Avari.) 

Mahomet flies from 
Mecca and retreats to 
Medina. 

(The Persians take Je¬ 
rusalem.) 

Chosroes put to death 
by his son Siroes, who 
restores the wood of the 

holy cross. 

(Mahomet is succeeded 
by his father-in-law, Abu- 
becher, as caliph or chief 
of the Saracens. 

The Persian era of Jes- 
degirdes begins, on their 
defeat by Abubecher. 

The Christian religion 
carried into China by 
missionaries, who erected 
a monument discovered 

in 1625. 

Jerusalem taken by the 
Saracens,) and Alexan¬ 
dria; they burn the libra¬ 
ry- 

Omar, caliph of the Sa¬ 
racens, killed by a Per¬ 
sian slave, in the temple 
at Jerusalem, which he 
had converted into a 

mosque... 

(The Saracens become 
masters of Africa, under 
Muavius; they tal^e Cy¬ 
prus and Rhodes.) 

















91 

L I N E S 


/ 


o Q 
a S 

<& 


612 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Ravage Saracens Syria, Constantinon: 

Persians Jews; and Mahomet his flight must DoaT 
oN. 


With poor Chosroes and cross Abubecher might vie; 
And to tune Jesdcgirdes bang Persians quite DRY. 


627 


1 


636 


When the standard of mercy in China had bloom’d; 
By the Saracens, Jews and the books were all 
DooM’D. 


✓ 


Omar falls in the temple by Persian from far: 
But Muavius Aft’ic, Rhodes conqer’D, aH, all! 


644 


V 







Nume. 

Order. 


92 


SYMBOLS. 



Explanation of 
Plates 1 6c 2. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Glass 




Paddy. 


Glass invented by a bi- 

V 

shop, and brought into 
England by a Benedictine 
monk. This is according’ 
to A spin’s Chronology ; 
but there is glass among 
the remains of Pompeii; 
and see the article “ Ad¬ 
der Stones,” in the En¬ 
cyclopedia Metropoli¬ 
tan a. 

(The Saracen fleet be¬ 
sieging Constantinople, is 
destroyed with Greek fire 

by Callinacus. 

The Britons subdued 
by the Saracens.) v 
Quilien, an Irish monk, 
propagates Christianity 
at Wirtsburgh, in Ger¬ 
many. 

(Venice begins to be 
governed by a Doge. 

Ina, king of Wessex, 
publishes the Saxon laws. 

The Saracens, under 
Muza, conquer Spain. 

Ina first levies Peter’s 
pence for the support of 
a college at Rome.) 

/ 














Domini 


93 

LINES 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 

Glass, Constante’s Greek fire on the fleet’s sure to 
slay ’em; 

Then come Saxons,and English, alas ! mustoBeY eM. 


Paddy Quilien, Wirtsburgh; the doge, a bright lad : 
Tell mad Ina, the Spaniards for pence will Be SaD. 


686 



i 





* 


VI 


94 


SYMBOLS. 



Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Images’ 


68 xj 


Era. 


Six images. 


A revolv¬ 
ing era, re¬ 
presented by 
the encir¬ 
cling line. 


Pope Gregory II. ex¬ 
communicates the Empe¬ 
ror Leo Isauricus, for 
persisting in his opposi¬ 


tion to images. ..' 

(The pope’s nuncio in¬ 
stituted by Gregory III. 

From August to Octo¬ 
ber a thick darkness ob¬ 
scures the light of day.) 

The computation of 
time, from the birth of 
Christ, begins to be used 
in history. 

(The race of Abbas be¬ 
come caliphs of the Sa¬ 
racens, and encourage 
learning. 

The Saracens in Spain, 
revolting from the house 
of Abbas, begin the 
kingdom of Corduba. 

The Lombards at war 
with the pope. 

A frost of five months 
continuance.) 


i 












Domini. 


/ 


♦ 


95 

t 

LINES 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 

Second Greg, with his images, starts Nuncio; 

Who announces in darkness can’t see how theY MoW. 


730 


740 



The new era, and Abbas in Spain, they’re the folks; 
But the Lombards, the pope, war, and frost are no 


JoKeS. 






\ 



I 




. 


96 


SYMBOLS. 



& o 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Fox 


Fox for 
Charle¬ 
magne. 


( 31 ) 


Pence. 


Bag of 
pence. 


Charles, alias Charle¬ 
magne, and Carloman 

crowned. 

(Carloman dying, Char¬ 
lemagne remains sove¬ 
reign of all France. 

Charlemagne defeating 
Didier and assisting the 
pope, he takes the title 
of king of Italy. 

Constantine VII. as¬ 
sumes the sole govern¬ 
ment: Irene having made 
herself unpopular. 

Constantine recalls 
Irene to partake in the 


government.. 

An academy founded 
at Paris. 

Ethelbert 'I. king of 
the East Angles, mur¬ 
dered by Oft'a,) who, to 
expiate his villainy, levies 
Peter’s pence on his sub¬ 
jects in Mercia. 


\ 


V 



\ 












Domini. 


97 

L 1 N E S 


7 68 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Charlemagne, France and Italy gets, like a fox; 

And so Constantine makes poor Irene’s bY BoX. 

\ 


791 


Come Irene, Parisian acad. better hap; 

Oft’a Peter’s good pence for shed blood a slY GaP. 






Nume. 

Order. 



SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Hunting 



Degree. 




The globe 
on which a 
degree was 
measured. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Charlemagne extirpates 
the Huns, or Avari, in 
Pannonia, called by the 
Greeks Turks, and de¬ 
feats the Boii. 

(Gothicus begins to 
reign over the Danes. 
Soon afterwards Biorno 
in Sweden. 

Jupiter eclipsed by the 
moon. 

A large spot seen on 
the sun for eight days. 

Louis Debonnaire suc¬ 
ceeds his father Charle¬ 
magne, and calls the pope 
to account for putting 
conspirators to death by 
his ow'ii authority. 

Almarnon encourages 
learning among the Sara¬ 
cens ; observes the sun’s 
greatest declination,) and 
measures a degree of lati¬ 
tude on the plains of Sin- 
jiar, near Babylon. 

(A slave, named Tho¬ 
mas, becomes powerful 
among the Saracens, and 
twice attacks Constanti¬ 
nople, but is defeated and 
taken at Adrianople.) 













Anno 

Domini 


99 

LINES 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Charlemagne hunts the Huns, Boil, like a Dane’s hog: 
The rnoon Jupiter blots; the spot makes all Ye GoG. 


799 



The good Debonnaire taught the pope how to behave ; 
And Almamon’s degree, just before Torn the SLaVe. 


815 



V 










Nume. 

Order. 


100 


SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


Almagest 


* 




Debonuaire. 


f Greek 
! church 


72 i 


Clock. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


With 

sons. 


< t 
t r. t 


his 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Almagest of Ptolemy 
translated into Arabic, by 
order of Almamon. 

(Commencement of the 
kingdom of England un¬ 
der Egbert, he having 
united the kingdoms of 
the Heptarchy. 

The Piets defeated and 
their nation extirpated by 
Kenneth, king of Scot¬ 
land.) 

Debonnaire dies; his 
dominions are divided a- 
mong his three sons. 

(The Saracens besiege 
Rome; the Normans and 
Danes invade England. 

The Adriatic is frozen, 
and carriages are used on 

it.). 

The schism of the 
Greek church. 

(Alfred succeeds to the 
throne.) 

Clocks introduced at 
Constantinople, from Ve¬ 
nice. 

(Alfred defeated by the 
Danes. 

Charles le Chauve, 
crossing the Alps to as¬ 
sist the pope, is poisoned 
by his physician.) 


\ 




















101 

LINES 


e cs 

a a 

<1 0 


027 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


This fine lad has the Almagest turn’d to allure ve: 
The scar’d heptarchv, Piets, Egbert, Kenneth asSuRe 
Ye. 


[ 


I 


840 


Tis thy sons, Debonnaire, make the throne backward 
g°; 

Just when Saracens, Normans, and Danes ’gin to 

SHoW. 

\ 


859 


Adriatic is bound still, as Alfred’s great log; 

But the Greek church divides Theologian’S FoG. 


The good Alfred’s defeat; Con’s clocks from afar; 
While le Chauve on the Alps grieves with poisonouS 
Jail. 


872 


v 


I 







102 


SYMBOLS. 



55 O 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


f Aries’ 


73 J 




Laud Tax. 


Fatimites’ 


74 ^ 


L Fence. 


The stars 
in Aries. 


Land 

marked 

taxed. 


or 


Fatimites’ 

flag 


of Neustria. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Albategni observed 
that the first star in Aries 
was 13° 2' distant from 
the equinoctial point. 

(Alfred founds the uni¬ 
versity of Oxford, com¬ 
poses a body of laws, and 
divides England into coun¬ 
ties.) 

The first land tax in 
England. 

(The foundation of Cal¬ 
cutta in the Hither India. 

The dynasty of Tain 
ends in China, having 
lasted 290 years.) 

The dynasty of the Fa¬ 
timites, in Africa, begins, 
pretending to be the de¬ 
scendants of Mahomet’s 
daughter, Fatima. 

(Leo V. emperor of the 
East, dies; he wrote se¬ 
veral treatises, and was 
called the philosopher.) 

Charles the Simple, 
cedes part of Neustria to 
the Normans, thencefor¬ 
ward called Normandy... 

(The Carlovingian race 
of emperors becomes ex¬ 
tinct, and the imperial ti¬ 
tle passes to the Germans.) 


N 






















103 

L I N E S 


i 


O £3 

a a 


803 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


The first Aries was mark’d by x\lbategni’s quick eyes; 
Oxford, counties, and laws, all fit for an aSSiZe. 


I 


891 


Tax on land is a cut that should ne’er be forgot; 
For Calcutta then rose, but Tam’s dynasty SQuaT. 


For a short time in Africa, Fatimites rise: 

To common fate Leo bows, though often sunG WiSe. 


908 


Silly Charles lets the Normans now Neustria set in, 
And the honors, once French, now the Germans can 
GeT iN. 


912 








104 


SYMBOLS. 



Toils 


for 


75 4 


Verona. 


r Arithmeti¬ 
cal 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


The Fow¬ 
ler’s toils 


76 J 


,[ Monkey, 


for a monk. 


# EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Henry, surnamed the 
Fowler, elected emperor 
of the West. ...... .... 

(Fourth marriages con¬ 
demned by the council 
of Constantinople. 

Fiefs established in 
France.) 

Beringer is killed at 
Verona. 

(Charles the Simple dies 
in prison. 

Henry the Fowler suc¬ 
ceeded by Otho the Great, 
not ruling the Greek em¬ 
pire, nor at Ihis time 
crowned by the pope.) 

Arithmetic brought in- 
to Europe. 

(Danes invade France. 
Hugh the White, or the 
Great, having governed 
France 20 years, without 
the regal title, is succeed¬ 
ed by Hugh Capet, his 
son.) 

The power of the monks 
great in England. 

(Commencement of the 
dynasty of Sum, or Song, 
in China, which conti¬ 
nues :320 years. 

John Zimisces crowned 
emperor of the East, 
takes Basilius and Con¬ 
stant ine into partnership.) 


\ 






















I 


' 105 

LINES 



919 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Fowler thought all the West he should tie to his wig ; 
The fourth marriage is banished; French tief a biG 
PiG. 


924 


At Verona, Beringer, Charles, Fowler, ail squeak; 
While the first of the Othoes, nor Roman nor GReeK. 


941 


When to Europe arithmetic, Danes to France pop; 
'Fhe White Hugh and Hugh Capet, can caperinG 
HoP. 


9G0 


High the monks here ; in China the monkey Sum O ; 
In the East, then makes Zimisces his three strinG 
BoW. 




P 








SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 


Nume. 

Order. 

✓ 

Names. 

Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Bardas’s 

The two 
Bardases. 


77 -<! 


Figures. 


An Arabic 
figure. 


Christian 


78 ^ 


Churches. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Bart! as Sclerus and 
Bardas Phocas assume 
the imperial title in the 
east, and hold it about 

ten years.. .... 

(Hugh Capet, duke of 
Paris, elected king; re¬ 
stores the seat of govern¬ 
ment to Paris.) 

The figures brought in¬ 
to Spain from Arabia* by 
the Saracens, begin to 
be adopted throughout 

Europe. 

(Gerbert, archbishop of 
Rheims, who introduced 
the Arabian or Indian fi¬ 
gures into France, con¬ 
structs balance clocks. 

- The kings of Denmark 
and Norway invade Eng¬ 
land.) 

Almanzor the Saracen 
defeats the Christians in 

Spain... 

(They gain a great vic¬ 
tory over him. The em¬ 
peror, Otho III. performs 
the tour of Italv, as an 
act of devotion, and af¬ 
terwards goes on pilgrim¬ 
age to Poland.) 

Many churches in Eng¬ 
land pulled down and re¬ 
built in a new style. 

(Ethelred IT. orders a 
massacre of Danes 

throughout England. 

The Saracens besiege 
Jerusalem, destroy the 
church and monastery of 
the Holy Sepulchre.) 



















4 


o a 
a • « 

a a 

*5 


107 

L INES 

~~ N 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


In the east the two Bardases suddenly grow; 

And might stare to see Hugh cap’ring, like a GaY 
Beau. 


D 70 


The Arab’s figures spread, by Gerbert set sail; 

And the balance; Danes, Normans have a stronG 
GaLe. 


1 ) 1)1 


DU5 


Now Almanzor, then Christians the victory have 
Himself Otho to tour, then to pilgrimaGe GaVe 


Churches cast their old clothes; Danes would Ethelred 


awe 


1002 


Burning sepulchres, Saracens cry out We Wall. 


I 




Nume. 

Order. 


% 


108 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 


Names. 


Explanation of 


Plates 1 & 2. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Danish A Dane Danes get possession 


of England. 

(Edmund II. surnamed 
Ironside, attacks the 
Danes, but being killed 
by his domestics, Canute 
II. reigns in England; 



Aretin the monk in¬ 


troduces a new species of 
music under six notes. 

The Seljoucide Turks 
establish a potent empire 
in Persia.) 


L Confessor. a g ax on con- The Saxon race of 

fessor. Princes restored in Eng¬ 


land, in Edward the Con¬ 
fessor . 

(100,000 Russians from 
Scythia land in Thrace. 

The Greek church se¬ 
parates from the Roman 
or Latin. 

70,000 Europeans un¬ 
dertake a journey to Pa¬ 
lestine, and are there 
killed or made prisoners.) 















Domini 


i 


109 

LINES 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


1013 


Danes will struggle till poor Ironside comes to harm; 
But the tune of six notes Seljoucide might CaLM. 


Here the Saxon confessor; in Thrace Russians slip; 
Greek from Latin; in Palestine fell the great WHiP. 


1041 







Nume. 

Order. 


110 


SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 


N ames. 


f Conquer 
I or’s 



_ Puncheon. 


Cotton 



w Mace. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Crowns of 
the conquer¬ 
or and the 
conquered. 


of Port for 
Portugal. 


Rolls of 
cotton. 


for civil laws. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


William conquers Ha¬ 
rold at Hastings. ...... 

(The feudal law intro¬ 
duced in England. 

Henry IV. emperor of 
Germany, fasts three 
days, and goes with his 
family to make submis¬ 
sion to the pope. 

The Carthusians found¬ 
ed by Bruno. 

The Moors or Saracens 
of Africa, conquer those 
of Spain. 

Knights of Malta found¬ 
ed. Crusades begin. 
Godfrey takes Nice, An- 
tioeh, and Jerusalem.) 

The kingdom of Por¬ 
tugal commenced. 

(Henry I. conquers Nor¬ 
mandy. 

Learning revived at the 
University of Cambridge.) 

Writing on paper fa¬ 
bricated of cotton, be¬ 
comes common. 

(Roger, excommunicat¬ 
ed by the pope, proclaim¬ 
ed king of Sicily, takes 
Capua and Beneventum. 

The second crusade ex¬ 
cited by the preaching of 
Bernard.). 

Civil law revived by 
Wernerius. Gratian com¬ 
pletes the compilation of 
the canon law. 

(Becket, archbishop of 
Canterbury, assassinated. 

Henry II. takes pos¬ 
session of Ireland.) 


i 

















111 

L T N E S 


O G 

S's 


10 66 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


William’s conquest of Harold brought on feudal dread ; 
Pope to Henry and Chartreuse an uneasy BeD. 


I 


1091 


Moors, Knights, Crusaders, Godfrey, this is a queer 
set; 

Which Jerusalem, Port, and Normandy GeT. 


1110 


All Cam’s learning in common on cotton they draw; 
Still Capua, Beneventum, feel Roger's greaT PaW. 


V 


\ 


Bernard, civil and canon, sets on this crusade; 

As proud Becket to kill; knock Paddy’s hoT HeaD. 


1146 





Nume. 

Order. 


312 


SYMBOLS. 


Names. 

• Sun and 
star 


82 


I 


L Sieve. 


Taffy’s 


83 


Russian 
whip. - 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Saracen 
sifting Cas- 
tiile. 


Welch 

Hat. 


Tribute 
exacted from 
the Russians. 



EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(Saladin defeats the cru¬ 
saders ; he takes Damas¬ 
cus and Jerusalem. Jeng- 
hiz Khan is deposed on 
account of his youth.) . „ 

The great conjunction 
of the sun, moon, and 
all the planets, in Libra, 
Sept. 14, at sun-rise. 

African Saracens de¬ 
feat-the king of Castille. . 

(University of Salaman¬ 
ca in Spain founded. 

The inquisition begins. 

Normandy conquered 
and re-united to France.) 

Wales conquered by 
king John. 

(Writings of Aristotle 
condemned by the coun¬ 
cil of Paris. 

Violent persecution a^ 
gainst the Albigenses. 

The doctrine of tran- 
substantiation introduced. 

The Moors introduce 
the sciences of gstronomy 
and geography into Eu¬ 
rope. 

Privileges granted by 
Henry 111. to cities and 
corporate towns. 

The almagest of Ptole¬ 
my translated from the 
Arabic into Latin.). 

The Tartars subject the 
Russians to the payment 
of tribute. 

(The seventh or fifth 
crusade under Louis IX. 

The Sorbonne founded 
at Paris.) 
















1 

Anno 

Domini. 

113 

LINES 

* 

Referring - to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 

Jenghiz Khan young, and Saladin, scourges so big ; 

That the sun, moon, and stars will to Libra alL JiG, 

1179 

/ 

1195 

Afric Saracens run poor Castille through death’s 
sieve ; 

Salamanca’s young fry ; inquisition leaP GiVe. 

1204 

Normans, Welch, Aristotle, ’Bigenses might shock ; 

The Mass, stars, earth, and cities, the Moors how they 
RoCK. 

1231 

f 

i 

* ’K 

Almagest latinized ; Tartars, Russians can feel; 

While poor Louis for Crusades; French for SorbonNe 
a ZeaL. 

, j \ 


* Q 

9 




Nume. 

Order. 


114 


SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


r 


Alphon- 

sine 


84 


<! 


Table of 
Astronomy. 


« 

L Mortmain. 


A statute. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Alphonso II. king of 
Castille, composes his ta¬ 
bles of astronomy. 

(Representatives of the 
commons of England ap¬ 
pear in parliament. 

Pope Urban IV. insti¬ 
tutes the annual festival 
of the Holy Sacrament. 

The orders of the Men¬ 
dicants reduced to four. 

Cheou Ching, in China, 
observed the obliquity of 
the ecliptic, 23° 33' 39 )... 

Mortmain statute made 
in England. 

(Moguls complete the 
conquest of China. 

Edward I. banishes the 
Jews from England. 

Melee takes Acre and 
ends the crusades.) 

















Domini. 


115 

L I N E S 


1253 


1273 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. * 


Astronomical tables, Alphonsine to name; 

Commons host, and four orders, would quite ruiN 
Fa Me. 




So obliquely Cheou Citing, by Mortmain they destroy 
’em; s 

But Moguls, and poor Jews, and the Crusades an- 
NoY ’eM. 










Name. 

Order. 


116 


i 


SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


Spectacles 


85 for 


_ 


Coals. 


Explanation o,f 
Plates 1 & 2. 


EVENTS 

* 

Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(The motion of trepida¬ 
tion discovered by Thebit 
the Arabian. 

Edward I. sends the 
Scotch coronation chair, 
&c. to England. 

The Ottoman empire 
begins.) 

Spectacles invented. 

(The jubilee founded 
at Rome. 

The compass invented 
or improved by Flavio of 
Italy.) 

Coals used in Eng¬ 
land. 

(The Swiss cantons be¬ 
gin. 

The seat of the popes 
removed to Avignon. 

The knights of St. John 
take Rhodes. 

Abtilfeda, the Saracen 
prince in Syria, finishes 
his Arabian geography.) 


t 


! 
















Domini 


117 

LINES 


1290 


1307 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 
\ to by the Symbols. 


Trepidation and Scotch chair; the Ottoman charged ; 
With good spectacles, jubilee, compass enlaRG’D. 


Coals might warm the Cantons; but at Rome, lack a 
day ! 

And the knights; Abulfeda, how all blaZe aWaY. 









118 


SYMBOLS. 



r Gunpow¬ 
der 




Madeira. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


A vessel of 
gunpowder. 


Cask of 
Madeira. 



EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Gunpowder invented 
by a monk of Cologne. .. 

(The Weaving of cloth 
introduced into England 
by the fugitive Flemings. 

The first comet whose 
course is described with 
astronomical exactness. 

Knights and Burgesses 
first sit together in the 
same house of Parlia¬ 
ment.)... 

The Madeira Islands 
discovered by Macham 
an Englishman. 

(Gold coined in Eng¬ 
land. 

A code of laws publish¬ 
ed in Poland, by Casimir 
the Great ; and the uni¬ 
versity of Cracow found¬ 
ed.) 
















Domini 


t 


119 

LINES 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


1330 


When the gunpowder’d monk of Cologne took some 
physic; 

Could we weave a cloth track which the Comets might 
MiMiC. 


Knights and Burgesses join’d for Madeira’s gold acre; 
For the Casimir laws. University MaKeR. 


1342 


4 









Nume 

Order 


120 




SYMBOLS. 


Names, 


Explanation 
Plates 1 & 


Locust 


of 

2 . 


87 <; 


High Admi¬ 
ral. 


1 


I 



EVENTS 

Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(Turks enter Europe.) 

Swarms of locusts de¬ 
solate Africa and Asia. .. 

(Tamerlane begins to 
reign in Persia. 

Wickliff begins to 
preach in England. 

The seat of the popes 
removed to Rome, and 
the schism of two popes 
begins. 

Bills of exchange used 
in England. 

Cannon used in the 
English service. 

The first navigation law 
in England.) 

The first Lord High 
Admiral of England ap¬ 
pointed. 

(Cards invented. 

Bojador* discovered. 

John Huss propagates 
his doctrines in Bohemia.) 




* Not Good Hope, as stated 
in Aspin’s Chronology, page 
251; see Brookes’s Gazetteer, 
and see Encyclopedia Metro- 
litana; Africa, Progressive Geo¬ 
graphy. 


\ 
















Domini. 


/ 


1353 


1381 



121 

LINES 


Referring to some Events, nd giving tlie Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Tiie Turks, Locusts, and Tamerlane three quarters 
roam; 

Wickliff teazes two popes, and makes both of IheM 
FoaM. 

* . * • 


Bills, balls, and Navy laws; cards, the High Admiral’s 
hst; 

But tlie Cape of Bojador, John Huss through the 
MiST. 






R 






s. 


122 


SYMBOLS. 


Nume. 

Order. 

Names. 

» V 

Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 

V 

f 

1 

• 

Algebra 

An alge¬ 
braic letter. 

) 

88 \ 

• 

- 


* 


1 

1 

4 

t Era. 

/ 

i 


r Printer’s 

A printed 



8. 

80- 

) 

• 



_ Hope. 



# 

4 

• 


V 

• 


EVENTS 

Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(Three emperors of the 
west, and three popes 
reigning at one time.) ... 

Algebra brought from 
Arabia into Europe. 

(Jerome and John Huss 
burnt.) 

The Christian era a- 
dopted in Portugal. 

(The Hussites commit 
devastations in Austria, 
Bohemia, Arc. 

Ulugh Beigb, author of 
the Persian astronomical 
tables, observes the obli¬ 
quity of the ecliptic 23 . 
30'. 17".) 

Printing invented at 
Mentz. 

(The sea breaks in at 
Dort and drowns about 
100,000 persons. 

' Glass manufactured in 
England. 

Engraving and etching- 
invented. 

Constantinople taken . 
by the Turks, this ends 
the Eastern empire. * 

Cape de Verd Islands 
and the Guinea coast dis¬ 
covered by the Portu¬ 
guese ;) also the Cape of 
Good Hope, which they 
called Cabo Tormentosa. 

(Bartholomew Colum¬ 
bus introduces maps and 
charts into England. 
Christopher Columbus 
discovers the West India 
Islands.) 


4 
















123 

LINES 


2 s 
c S 

-< C 

"a 


1410 


142*2 


1440 


1474 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Triple emperors and popes; strike an algebraic awe.; 
But Jerome and John Huss feel the dread popisH 
PaW. 


Christian era now Portugal fixes upon her; 

But disgrac’d *by the Hussites, while Ulugh has Ho- 
NoR. 


Printing, Glass, Graving, Etching, all start forward 


now ; 


o 

/ 


At Dort breaks iti the sea; Eastern empire thinK 
HoW. 


Verd Isles, Gold coast, and Cape of Good Hope 
were as shy, 

As Columbus’s maps, when for new workj tHeY 
Hie. 


/ 










Order. 


124 


SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


Reform¬ 


er s 


1)0 


i 


Revolution. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


A Reform¬ 


er. 


Drake’s 

track. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


The Reformation begun 
in Germany by the monk, 
Martin Luther. 

(The Turks terminate 
the kingdom of the Ma¬ 
melukes, in Egypt. 

Mexico and the Straits 
of Magellan discovered. 

Zuinglius begins the 
reformation in Switzer¬ 
land. 

Fernando Cortez con¬ 
quers the kingdom of 
Mexico. 

A new form of govern¬ 
ment established at Ge¬ 
noa, by Andrew Doria. 

Calvin flies from Paris 
and settles at Geneva. 

An insurrection of the 
Anabaptists in Westpha¬ 
lia. 

The order of the Je¬ 
suits founded by Ignatius 
de Loyola, a Spaniard. 

Copernicus observes the 
obliquity of the ecliptic 
23°. 28'. 8".) 

California discovered 
by Sir Francis Drake. 
















Domini 


125 

LINES 


* 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Reform, Egypt, strait Mag’lan, Zuinglius cry; 
Cortez, Mexicans, Genoese, Calvin, all FLY. 


1517 


’ 


i 532 


Anabaptists and Jesuits turn all upon; 

But Copernicus, Drake going round bring FaMe oN. 







SYMBOLS. 


EVENTS 



Slavery’s 


91 -<( 


Rod. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


A hook Tor 
slaves. 


Rod for 
Religious 
Wars. 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(The crown of Sweden 
declared to be hereditary. 

Iron first cast in Eng¬ 
land. 

Books of Astronomy 
and Geography burnt in 
England, under the idea 
of their containing magic 
arts. 

Charles V. resigns his 
dominions to Philip II. 
and retires to the monas¬ 
tery of St. Just, in Est re¬ 
nt ad ura.) 

Slave trade begins a- 
mong British merchants. 

Religious wars re-com- 
mence in France.. 

(A new bright star in 
Cassiopeia for about five 
months. 

Russia invaded and 
overrun by the Turks.) 
















Anno 

Domini 


127 

LINES 


1544 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Swedes in iron cast; Astro. Geometry book : 

The fifth Charly resigns; Merchants seize the slaVe 
HooK. 


1 


1567 


Wars religious, for months (like the star) in France 

fly; 

While the Turks o’er the Russians in fury driVe BY. 







128 


SYMBOLS. 



Tycho 


9*2 <( 


L Stocking. 


Circula¬ 

tion 


93 ^ 


Covenants. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Tycho look¬ 
ing through 
a telescope, 
(invented 
subsequently 
but during 
his life.) 


Blood cir¬ 
culating. 


Scotch matt 
carrying the 
league and 
covenant. 


EVENTS 

Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(Union of Utrecht. ... 

Sir Walter Raleigh dis¬ 
covers Virginia and Cape 
Breton. 

New style introduced.) 

Tycho Brahe observes 
the vernal equinox. 

(Coaches used and 
Newspapers published in 
England.) 

The steel frame for 
silk stockings invented... 

(Telescopes by Jansen. 

Tea introduced into 
Europe. 

The Bank of England 
incorporated. 

Watches brought to 
England from Germany. 

The East India Com¬ 
pany incorporated. 

Decimal arithmetic in¬ 
vented at Bruges . . 

Galileo discovers the 
satellites of the planets. 

Henry IV. assassinated. 

Logarithms invented.) 

Dr. Harvey discovers 
the circulation of the 
blood. 

' (The colony of New 
England planted by the 
Puritans.. 

Louis XIII. fixes the 
first meridian on the 
western point of Ferro.) 

Charles I. endeavours 
to establish episcopacy in 
Scotland. The Scots 
enter into the league and 
covenant. 















L i N E S 


Anno 

Domini. 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 

L679 

* 

Utrecht, Walter’s Virginia, and Tycho new rig: 

0, what news in a coach ! they all have a hraVe JiG. 



1539 

Fine silk stockings and telescopes, tea, all in this age ; 
Make the Bank and the East wind a watch with glad 
ViSaGe. 

• 

% 

1602 

Clever dec’mals, satellites, good Henry frown ; 
Napier’s logarithms, circular tide is brought DoWN. 

1621 

* 

To New England the Puritans, now Ferro hop; 

But the Scotch for king Charles, league and covenant 
won’t DRoP. 

\ 

s 







130 


SYMBOLS. 



f Barometer 


I 


1 


94 <J 


) and 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Air Pump. 


Pen 


95 for 


L 


Newton. 


Locke’s 
head and 
pen. 


EVENTS 

Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(Independence of Por¬ 
tugal recovered. 

A revolution effected 
in China by the Mant- 
chew' Tartars.) 

Barometers invented. 

(Galileo applies the 
pendulum to clocks. 

Quakers in England.) 

The air pump invented 
at Madge burgh. 

(Dutch take Ceylon. 

Bombay ceded to the 
English. 

The Royal Society es¬ 
tablished at London. 

The Royal Academy 
for Inscriptions and Belles 
Lettres at Paris.) 

Charles II. grants the 
settlement of Carolina to 
eight noblemen, for whom 
Mr. Locke draws up a 
code of laws. 

(Habeas Corpus Act 
passed. 

Louis XIV. revokes the 
edict of Nantz, and per¬ 
secutes the Protestants.) 

Sir Isaac Newton pub¬ 
lishes his System of Phi¬ 
losophy.. 

(Peace between Peter 
the Great and the Em¬ 
peror of China. 

Battle of the Boyne. 

The treaty of partition 
between Great Britain, 
France, and Holland, for 
the dismemberment of 
Spain.) 


















131 

LINES 



1640 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Portuguese and Chinese have their great changes now, 
With barometers, pendulums, Quakers Be HolV. 


1654 


i’he linest air pump, Dutch and us eastward poke, 
The Society Royal, French standarD oF oaK. 



When Locke’s pen for America was well employ’d, 

By the Habeas, Nantz though revok’d, one is BuoY’D. 

♦. W 


1676 


With great Newton and Peter Czar, all might be glad ; 
But the Boyne and partitions of Spain must Be Sal). 


1686 








132 


SYMBOLS. 



f Bails 


96 < and 


Arms. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(Frederick 1. duke of 
Prussia, assumes the regal 
title. 

Kamscatka discovered 
and conquered by the 
Russians.) 

Admiral Rook takes 
Gibraltar; and defeats the 
Spanish fleet, off* that 
place, the following year. 
See also Symbol 99. 

(England and Scotland 
united under the title of 
the Kingdom of Great 
Britain. 

Interest of money in 
England fixed at 5 per 
cent.) 

The Russians conquer 
Georgia, &c. from the 
Persians. 

(South Sea Scheme be¬ 
gins a few months before, 
and ends a few months 
after, July. 

An Academy of Sci¬ 
ences at Petersburg!]. 

Aberration of the fixed 
stars discovered by Dr. 
Bradley.) 
















Domini. 


LINES 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by, the Symbols. 


1701 


Prusse, Kamscatka the Russians, Gibraltar Rooks up; 
For Great Britain's per cent, gives to some a slY CuP. 


1717 


Russia’s arms and academy make her stand high ; 
South Sea scheme’s aberration is quick in JuLY. 


\ 


* 








Nume. 

Order. 


134 


SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


Explanation 
Plates 1 & 


of 


2 . 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


f The Worm 


1)7 


L Stair. 



(Khouli Khan retakes 
several of the cities of 
Persia from the Turks 
and besieges Bagdad.) .. 

Holland in danger of 
being inundated through 
the damage done to the 
dikes, by worms imported 
from the Indies in mer¬ 
chant vessels. 

(Indians in the vicinity 
of Goa attempt to expel 
the Portuguese. 

Frederick II. king of 
Prussia, invades Silesia, 
without previous declara¬ 
tion of war against Maria 
Theresa of Austria.) 

The French defeated 
at Dettingen, by the allies 
under the Earl of Stair; 
George II. being engaged 
in the conflict... 

(Commodore Anson 
sails round the world. 

The duke of Cumber¬ 
land defeats the rebels at 
Culloden. 

Halifax the capital of 
Nova Scotia built, and 
3,000 families sent there 
as settlers.) 


/ 















Anno 

Domini 


LINES 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Khouli Khan, like the worms to the dike, to each 

state ; 

* * 

Hindoos, Portuguese, Theresa’s very slY MaTe. 


1731 


Stair from Dettingen, Anson come hom e for some oak¬ 
um, ; 

And when Culloden’s won Halifax, many JoKe eM. 

i 


1743 





136 


SYMBOLS. 


<v t-* 

e <v 

£ o 


Names. 


f Stamp 


on . 


Ottoes. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(The British Museum 
established.. 

Lisbon destroyed by 
an earthquake. 

American Philosophi¬ 
cal Society established at 
Philadelphia.) 

American Stamp Act 
passed. 

The Russians take 
Azof, &c. and defeat the 
Ottoman fleet off Scios.. 

(An emigration of 
500,000 Tourgouths from 
the coasts of the Caspian 
sea to the frontiers of 
China. 

First treaty for the dis- 
memberment of Poland, 
between Austria, Russia, 
and Prussia. 

The English East In¬ 
dia Company having ac¬ 
quired extensive pro¬ 
vinces, the British go¬ 
vernment sends out 
Judges. 

Captain Cook makes 
discoveries in the Pacific- 
Ocean.) 















Domini. 


1753 


1769 


I 


137 

LINES 

Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


Our Museum was rais’d, then op’d Lisbon’s dread 
tomb; 

While th’ Americans learned, at Stamps strangelY 
FuMe. 


How the Russians beat Ottoes, Tourgouth’s China jog, 
While poor Poles, and our Judges, and Cook trY a 


BoG. 


T 

t 




I 









Nume. 

Order. 


138 


SYMBOLS. 


Names. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


EVENTS 


Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


Volcano 


99 


Balloon. 


(The American con¬ 
gress publish their decla¬ 
ration of independence.. 

Riots in many parts of 
England, on account of 
the attempt to remove the 
political disabilities of the 
papists. 

The Spanish floating 
batteries, employed a- 
gainst Gibraltar, destroy¬ 
ed by General Elliot with 
red hot balls. 

The British Govern¬ 
ment acknowledges the 
independence of the thir¬ 
teen United States of 
America.) 

An eruption of Heckla, 
in Iceland; the volcanic 
matter is stated to have 
spouted up to the height 
of two miles during two 
months. 

(Sunday Schools open¬ 
ed at Gloucester, by Mr. 
Raikes). 

M. Lunardi ascends 
with a balloon; the first 
attempt in England. 

(Animal magnetism, in¬ 
troduced into France, ex¬ 
ploded and brought into 
England. 

The bastille at Paris 
destroyed: this is usu¬ 
ally considered the begin¬ 
ning of the French Revo¬ 
lution.) 














. Anno 
Domini. 


1776 


139 

LINES 


Referring 


to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 
to by the Symbols. 


Though America stands, here with riots, hot cloy’d; 
That America free, Heckla’s scenes ne’ct enJoY’D. 


What a contrast the schools, and balloons seem to 
speak. 

From the animal magnet, Bastille you maY SeeK. 


1784 








I 


140 


SYMBOLS. 


« t- 

2 rS 


Names. 


Explanation of 
Plates 1 & 2. 


Nap’s 



i00-<; Ceres 

I 

I 

f 


Meteor. 


EVENTS 

Referred to by the Symbols and 
Lines. 


(Insurrection of 35,000 
negroes at St. Domingo, 
300 whites massacred. .. 

The lake of Harento- 
ren, in the County of Ker¬ 
ry, in Ireland, a mile in 
circuit, suddenly disap¬ 
pears. 

Land in Finland, 4,000 
square ells in extent, sinks 
fifteen fathoms.) 

Buonaparte takes the 
command of the French 
army in Italy. (96) 

(The London Mission¬ 
ary Society established.. 

Poniatowski resigns the 
crown of Poland. 

Cape of Good Hope 
taken by the British. 

Santa Fe and Pana¬ 
ma, with the cities of 
Cusco and Quito, destroy¬ 
ed by an earthquake. 

Newspapers at Con¬ 
stantinople. 

Three consuls appoint¬ 
ed in France.) 

Ceres discovered by 
M. Piazzi. 

(Abdul Wechab an¬ 
nounces himself as a new 
prophet.) . 

A meteor passes over 
London. 

(British and Foreign 
Bible Society. 

Slave Trade abolished. 

Portuguese court re¬ 
moves to Brazil. 

French take possession 
of Rome and Spain.) 


















Anno 

Domini. 


141 

LINES 


1791 


Referring to some Events, and giving the Dates of those referred 

to by the Symbols. 


. ■ „ • i 

With poor whites at Domingo, Lake Harentoren, skip 
Ground at Finland, to see young Nap gailY eQuiP. 


1795 


Missions, Poniatowski, and no Good Hope, to save 
Santa Fe, the news, consuls, and Ceres, theY GaVt . 


Wechab meteor-like, with his Bible hopes slim; 

The slave trade, Portuguese, French, to Rome and 
Spain SWiM. 


1803 






GEOGRAPHY. 


In this useful and pleasing study, (without which history 
cannot be understood, and our acquaintance also with the 
orb on which the Almighty has placed us, must be confined 
within the limits of our own vision,) an important part con¬ 
sists in a knowledge of the relative situation of countries, 
with the latitude and longitude of capitals, &c. the attain¬ 
ment of which has proved to many an insurmountable task. 
Before we enter thereon we shall notice a few 

MISCELLANEOUS POINTS. 

Form of the Earth.] The earth is of a spherical form ; 
this is proved by the following facts:—1. We lose sight of 
the hull, then of the rigging, of a vessel sailing from land.— 
2. A person may regain the view of the sun which he had 
lost on the plain, by hastening to the top of a hill.—-3. The 
rising sun first gilds the tops of the mountains.—4. Sailors 
making land, first discover the highest parts of it.—5. The 
earth has been sailed round.—6. Its shadow on the moon, 

at the time of a lunar eclipse, is bounded by a circular 

* ■ 

line. 

A readiness in producing these proofs is desirable, it may 
be soon attained by such a narrative as the following: 

The vessel first hides its hull, but the man runs up the hill 
and regains it, and the setting sun, which as it returns first 
tips the mountains, sailors espy as they circumnavigate 



143 

the globe, in such a line as bounds the earth’s shadow on the 
inoon. 

Gravitation. ] As gravitation is such a grand and uni¬ 
versal law of nature, affecting the place of this globe, the 
rest and motion of all bodies, it may be added to the above 
narrative that, in all their journies they were influenced by 
gravitation. 

Description of the Earth and Water on the Globe.] It 
is a good expedient proposed by several writers to compare 
the names of the different parts of land and water, agree¬ 
ably to this figure: 



A creek or bay is in water what a cape or promontory is 
in land, a lake answers to an island, &c. &c. 

Quarters cf the World and Oceans.] Refer to a globe 
or map for the four quarters of the world—Europe, Asia, 
Africa, and America ; and the six oceans —the Atlantic, the 
Pacific, the Indian, the Arctic, the Antarctic, and the South¬ 
ern ; and notice that there are four of the former and six 
of the latter. 

History of Geography.] Of the History of Geography, 
the leading features may be delineated as follows: 

Moses and Honier are the geographers of the most re¬ 
mote antiquity. Alexander’s conquests led him to an ac¬ 
quaintance with India, Scythia, Syria, and Egypt: and, by 


f 


/ 


144 

means of the Phenicians, the Greeks obtained the knowledge 

. t 

of their commercial connections. Ptolemy Evergetes car¬ 
ried his arms into Abyssinia, and whilst the Roman empire 
reached to the greatest extent, their great roads and itinera¬ 
ries gave correctness to the science. The Portuguese and 
Spaniards, in the fifteenth century, sailed east and west to 
the Pacific Ocean and to America; and subsequent travel¬ 
lers have explored various parts of the globe. 

The recollection of this sketch, and of the principal 
points in Dr. Robertson’s a interesting account of this sub¬ 
ject, may be aided by these lines : 

Send Moses home b , 

With Greece to roam c ; 

And Portuguese 

* 

With Spaniards teaze ; 

’Till travelers fly 

And multiply. 

Centripetal Force , $c.] It is not for us to discuss the 
nature of the centripetal and centrifugal forces, of the chang¬ 
ing seasons, Szc. of the elliptical orbits of the planets, &c. 
but when the student has proceeded so far, it will be well 
for him to observe that three instruments exemplify them : 
the rod with a ball at each extremity, the ball and hoops, 
and the string and pins. It gives a confidence in our 
knowledge of a science when we can easily recall its princi¬ 
pal topics. 


* History of America, Book I. Homer. c Rome. 


% 



145 


RELATIVE SITUATION OF COUNTRIES, LON¬ 
GITUDE AND LATITUDE OF CAPITALS, &c. 

By attending to the following directions, the student will 
acquire a knowledge of the situation and form of the conti¬ 
nents and seas on the globe, the longitude and latitude of 
capitals, and various points of natural and civil history. 

IsE Place a globe a before you ; bring the equator to the 
wooden horizon, and the meridian of 20 degrees west lon¬ 
gitude to the brass meridian. 

*111(1. Observe, that in this position the globe is divided 
into four parts, by the horizon and meridian : the north 
east quarter (the upper right hand division) contains Europe, 
Asia, and North Africa. Into the south east quarter South 
Africa projects : the remainder is principally occupied with 
the Indian and Southern Oceans. In the western hemi¬ 
sphere, North and South America divide between the Atlan- 
tics and the Pacifies; South America protruding into the 
south west quarter. 

3 rd. Sketch 5 several times the outlines of the geographi¬ 
cal figures, Plates 3—7, observing what countries occupy 
the different parts of them. 

4th. Learn the associations given, p. 147, et seq. for the 
longitude, &c. of the capitals of Europe, Asia, &c. 

5th. Trace the outlines of the quarters of the world, as 
directed, p. 157, et seq. 

By the above method, it will be easy not only to state the 
longitude, &c. of capitals, but also to point out their situa¬ 
tion; and, any longitudes and latitudes being given, to state 
in what countries, seas, &c. they are; and thus, from the 


a If a globe cannot be obtained, maps of the eastern and western he¬ 
mispheres may be used. 

b For this purpose a transparent slate will be useful. 

U 





146 

journal or log-book, to trace in the mind the traveller's or 
ship’s course. 

In Geography we have not used the rooms or symbols, 
because the globe, divided by lines of longitude and lati¬ 
tude, furnishes us with sufficient localities, and the natural 
forms of the countries afford us the most simple objects or 
symbols, while in their natural and civil history we find our 
ideal associations. 













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147 


EUROPE. 


The map of Europe forms a Rein Deer*, attacked bp a 
Russian Bear b and a Turkish Dog. 



Countries * 

Capitals. 

Lon. 

Lat. 

SiUiation. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

Norway ... 

Sweden.. 

Russia. 

Holland and the ) 
Netherlands . \ 
Denmark. 

Austria and 1 
Germany... 5 

Prussia. 

Poland. 

France . 

Spain . 

Portugal. 

Switzerland .... 
!taly. 

Hungary. 

Turkey. 

Great Britain .. 
..... - ■— • • • 

Ireland. 

Christiana. 

Stockholm. 

Petersburg . 

Amsterdam. 

Copenhagen .... 

Vienna. 

Berlin. 

Warsaw ........ 

Paris ... 

Madrid. 

Lisbon. 

Bern. 

Rome. 

Buda. 

Constantinople .. 

London . 

Edinburgh. 

Dublin.. 

10 

18 

30 

4 

12 

16 

13 

21 

2 

3 

9 

7 

12 

19 

28 

0 

3 

6 

59 

59 

59 

52 

55 

48 

52 

52 

48 

40 
38 

46 

41 

47 
41 

52 

56 

53 

^ Horns, &c. 

^ Leg and Tail. 

^ Body. 

^ Right leg. 

| Left leg. 

1 Dog. 

^ John. 

Owl. | 


i 

Associations for the above Longitudes, fyc. 

1. Christiana 0 in the northway d , between the 
horns, in a LoW e FoG f . 


a The rein deer is a native of Norway, Sweden, and Russia. 
b The white bear, peculiar to Russia. 

c Christiana, named after Christian IV .—General Gazetteer. Christiana, 
d Norway, called by the Swedes Norrige, north country.— lb. Norway. 
e In a fertile valley, at the bottom of a gulph.— lb. Christiana, 
f Fogs prevail in Norway.— JbicL Norway. 




















































148 




2. The deer’s right or under craggy K horn will be right 
handy to bring a Stock home of Swedes 1 ', and many 
a LooSe FiG b . 

3. Under the deer’s ear is Peter’s bag, as when waters' 
rush here many may MoW FoG. 

4. On the dog’s leg are some hollow land and Ne¬ 
ther lands, where they want hams to dam the waters 
from the country where industry makes the nations say, OH 
FiNe k . 

5. The dog’s tail, like a DEN mark, the horn’s tip may 
coop in again as the fishermen 1 did a PooR FiVe. 

6. On the deer’s side, or citadel™ of strength, many an 
austere germen of a suburb" seems vying her, while 
on her glacis 0 there was a TiDe HouSe. 

7. On the deer’s back the harness of a barouche or 
Prussian Berlin p , which in their streets' 1 must have a 
LaMe FaRe. 

8. The deer’s shoulder much war saw, like the pole, 
whose treatment was NoT FaiR r . 


g Stockholm occupies, besides two peninsulas, seven craggy islands.— 
Brookes’s Gaz. 

h Here the vegetable kingdom was studied by Linneus. 

i Petersburg is subject to inundations, and the different parts of the 
city are connected by a bridge on pontoons, which is removed during 
floods, that usually precede the Neva being frozen hard enough to bear 
carriages.— Brookes. 

k In Holland industry overcomes many disadvantages of climate and 
situation.— Brookes. 

1 Copenhagen was lounded in the twelfth century, by some wandering 
fishermen. 

m n ° Vienna is limited by fortifications, has eight suburbs, and a clear 
gkici s.— Brookes. 

P One of the largest cities in Germany. 

Si The streets and squares are magnificent. 

r The partitions of Poland, in 1772 and 1793. 



149 


i). Her right thigh franks* a parisIi, having oNe 

HouSe *.« 

10. The deer’s right leg is mad rid ivith hiS pain 
under a cloud of locusts' 1 : tell Me y HolV. 

11. Her right foot is dipt in Lisbon, or Port, which 
like the Roman and Moorish architecture in one aGe 
MiX w . 

12. The deer’s left leg, with motion for home, is made to 
burn, for sweet’s her land where under piazzas x 
might Ye HiDe. 

13. Tf her left leg should roam she might hit early 
the forum which has PooR HaP y . 

14. The hungry dog has /jwbued her : she will give 
him LeG KeY. 

15. The turkey dog is constant and noble, 
though frequent plagues RiSe HoT z . 

16. 17. The Great Briton’s three caps the deer 
seems to FeaR, Me aVtiD, aDieu Fa Me. 


s t France is named from the Franks, who conquered Gaul; and their 
kings, for two centuries, were of one house, that of Clovis. 

u Spain is infested with locusts which sometimes darken the meridian 
sun.— Walker’s Geography' 

v The longitudes of Madrid and Lisbon are West, the other European 
capitals are East. 

w There are in Portugal remains of Roman aqueducts and of Moorish 
castles.— Walker’s Geography. 

x In Bern the principal street has piazzas on each side, and a walk 
raised four feet above the level of the street. 

y The forum is now a cow market.— Veduta di Roma. 

2 Very subject to the plague.— Brookes. Constantinople. 




150 


ASIA. 

1 

Mahomet plucking a quill from one of the ravenous ani¬ 
mals, the great empires of Asia, while the Kinghi hears 
away the Lamb. 



Countries. 

Capitals. 

Lon. 

Lat. 

Situation. 

1 

Siberia . 

Tobolsk .. 

68 

37 

58 

The Wolf. 

2 

Turkish Empire.. 

Aleppo . 

35 

X Mahomet. 

3 

3 

A rnbia.. 

Meoea.. 

40 

21 

4 

Persia. 

Ispahan . 

52 

32 

Kinghi’s wing. 

5 

Til Hi a .......... 

Delhi . 

77 

28 

21 

« 

Lamb’s head. 
Kinghi’s head. 

C Kinghi’s and 
? Lamb’s body, 

c &C. 

6 

Burmah. 

* 

Umerapoora .... 

97 

7 

China. 

Pekin. 

116 

39 


Associations giving the above Longitudes, SfC. 


1. The Siberian wolf a has a strong thigh to bolt 
after iBeX a FoX a . 

2. The Turkish Empire, from the shoulder, has taken 
such A leap o, it MaY MoVe b . 

3. For Abraham c they array BiER d near the Beat 
Allah, of which they say he was maker 0 , with digits 6 
HoW NeaT. 

4. The right wing of the King-hi for a purser to write 


a Animals of Siberia. 

b The Inhabitants of Aleppo subsequent to 1770, were reduced from 
230,000 to 70,000 ( Brookes) ; and were further reduced by the earthquake 
of 1822. 

c The Arabians pretend to shew Abraham’s tomb near the Beat Allah, 
of which they say he was the builder.— Brookes. 

d The Beat Allah, Mahomet’s tomb, is sumptuously decorated.— 
Brookes. 

e The Arabians invented the ten digits.— Walker's Geography. Arabia. 
Literati. 




























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♦ 


151 

with in hts pan, so large f that round it and tiie palace is a 
FiNe MeRe. 

i 

5. Lamb’s head may come in dear while they deal 
high, till falling^ casts JoY RiSe. 

6. The bird says my ear has a burr ma, you may 
HUM me THE poorer with amber h , GaY, NeaT. 

7. The Chinese Kiughi 1 picking a TiL’D k iMaGe. 


f The palace is two miles and a half in circumference.— Brookes. Ispahan. 
K The superstitions respecting casts giving way. 

h On the banks of the Irawaddy pure amber is produced.— Brookes. 
Burmah. 

* The most beautiful bird in China, or perhaps in the world. 
k The imperial city is surrounded by a wall of red bricks 20 feet high, 
covered with a roof of tiles and varnished.— Brookes. Pekin, 



152 


AFRICA. 

a Andromeda* of * Jaffa* Gazing b from the Care b of 
Africa b . 



Countries. 

Capitals. 

Lon. 

Lat. 

Situation. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

Barbary.. 

Negroland. 

Guinea. 

Congo . 

Hottentots. 

Sofala. 

Mocaranga. 

Zanguebar. 

Ajan. 

Adel. 

Abyssinia. 

Egypt . 

Nubia . 

Unexplored Re¬ 
gions. 

Fez. 

Tombuctoo. 

Benin. 

Salvador. 

Cape .. 

Sofala.. 

Madrogan. 

Mosambique .... 

Brava. 

Aucagurel. 

Gondar. 

Cairo. 

Nubia. 

4 

2 

6 

14 

18 

35 

29 

41 

43 

44 
37 
31 

33 

33 

17 

6 

5 

33 

20 

18 
15 

1 

8 

12 

30 

17 

Superior Rock. 
Head. 

Right Arm. 
Waist. 

Foot. 

'Skirts, &c. 

) 

^ Anterior Rock. 
Left Arm. 


Associations giving the above Longitudes , fyc. 

1. Poor Andromeda under Barbarous rocks which only 6 
Moors inFESt oH aMaZe. 

2. Andromeda’s hair, like the Negro’s Tom Buctoo, 
through fright would No LaY. 

3. In Andromeda’s right arm there is a guinea nook to 
put Ben-in Do Do. 


a At Joppa, now called Jaffa, the ancients pretended to shew the rock 
to which Andromeda was fastened; a story which probably took its rise 
from Jonah’s fleeing to Joppa .—Butler on the Globes. Andromeda. 

b Between Joppa in Palestine, and Cairo in Africa, is Gaza, therefore 
our geographical figure preserves the histories of Jonah and Andromeda, 
and the relative situation of Joppa, Gaza, Cairo, and Africa. 

c Jews and Christians cannot enter Old Fez without an order from the 
emperor.— Brookes. Fez. 


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153 


4. She makes a genuflexion or coNGee to Salvador, 
saying, on the mountain 11 LooK Foe. 

5. Her feet cut hot capeis —ToeS Ma'aM. 

6. Handy if she had de sofa la®, de Portuguese not like 
a fort 6 to MoVe NoW. 

7. Her flying skirt under the stool may mock her 
anger and make her madder again, that the Portu¬ 
guese f should their settlement by RaGe LoSe. 

8. Her sandy BARred petticoat is replete with mots 
ambique, wearing it she must have a HoT e LiFe. 

9. She was fastened round the waist by a chain, but it 
is broken, Brava, so was that of the brethren * 1 ' who here 
found a HoMe Too. 

10. A dell on the ridge or craggy rail 1 there 
HooK uS. 

11. De sea before an abyss in here, gone dere; de 
patriarch k pity MY PaiJ\'. 

12. Perseus 1 , the rock above her chain, he chipped, 
(care O !) with a MiLe MaCe. 

13. Close to her elbow meeting m streams of new beer : 
for it will Ma'aM PaY? 

14. Mountains of the moon at the head of unexplored 
regions which reach from the bosom to the feet. 


d Salvador is on a mountain, the summit of which is a large plain.— 
Brookes. Salvador. 

e At Sofala the Portuguese have a fort, important in their trade to the 
East Indies.-— Brookes. Sofala. 

f The Portuguese had a settlement at Moearanga, but were all murder¬ 
ed or forced away.— Brookes. 

B Being chiefly between the equator and capricorn. 
h Brava was founded by seven fugitive brethren.— Brookes. Brava. 

1 Some consider Zeila the capital of Adel. See outline of Africa. 
k Gondar has a patriarch dependant on that of Alexandria.— Brookes. 
Gondar. 

J Perseus is related to have delivered Andromeda. 
m The white river, the true Nile, and the blue river, the supposed Nile, 
meet on the borders of Nubia.— Ency. Metro. Africa. Rivers. 


X 



1 


154 

NORTH AMERICA. 


The land* y water b , and amphibious c animals of North 
America : the whale devouring a leaf of the Canadian spruce 
pine . 



Countries. 

Capitals. 

Lo7l. 

Lat. 

Situation. 

1 

Unconquered Parts 




C Fore parts of 
< the Whale 
(_ and Lama. 

2 

British Possessions 

Quebec. 

70 

46 

Bull Frog. 

3 

United States .... 

Washington. 

77 

38 

Lama. 

4 

Spanish Possessions 

Mexico. 

100 

20 

Whale’s tail. 


Associations giving the above Longitudes and Latitudes. 

2. John Bull’s frog on its back on the lama; such a 
QUEER back, so stony d it will not bear a YeW HeaD. 

3. The lama could, behind the frog, take a Washing-tun 
in a united state: for clean groves and streets* JoY 
MuSe. 

4. The whale’s tail a span that makes echo a LoW f 
aCe NoW. 


a The lama, a valuable beast of burden, the camel of North America.— 
Ency. Met. America. 

b The whale which frequents the American seas.— Ibid. 
c The bull-frog of North America.'— Barclay's Dictionary. Frog. 
tl Quebec is built on a rock.— Pantalogia. Quebec. 
e The leading streets in Washington are 160 feet wide, including a pave¬ 
ment of 10 feet and a gravel walk of 30 feet, on each side, planted with 
trees.— Brookes. Washington. 

f Spanish power in America in a low state. 


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SOUTH AMERICA. 

Hete “ Hete shewing the West Indians how to eat bread fruit . 


1 

2 

3 

4 


5 


6 

7 

8 

9 


Countries. 


Terra Firma ... 
New Granada . 

Guiana.. 

Peru.. 


Brazil 


Paraguay, orLa ) 
Plata. S 

Chili. 


New Chili, or ^ 
Patagonia .. $ 

Terra del Fuego., 


Capitals. 

Lon. 

Lut. 

Panama. 

80 

8 

St. Fe de Bogota 

73 

4 

Cayenne . 

52 

4 

Lima. 

76 

12, 

St. Sebastian, or } 
Rio Janeiro . ^ 

44 

22 

Buenos Ayres ... 

58 

34 

St. Jago.. 

71 

34 

Port St. Julian .. 

68 

48 





Situation. 


Hete Hete’s tail. 

—-face. 

- bread. 

-shoulder. 

-waistcoat. 


-flap. 

-skirt. 

-stocking. 

-foot. 


Associations giving the above Longitudes and Latitudes. 

1. Hete Hete’s tail of Terra-firma like a flying pan, 
going SaW See. 

2. Hete Hete’s face as ORAND b ai if it ivere filled with 
Bogo’s JaM OH. 

3. Hete Hete’s Guiana bread seasoned with Cayenne 0 
FuN OH. 

4. Hete Hete’s shoulder misses the tail of the PERuke 
powdered with lime, as if in that rich d country You'D 
PooR. 


a An Otaheitan, named Flete Flete, went to the West Indies with Cap¬ 
tain Bligh when he transplanted the bread-fruit, to direct its cultivation.— 
Cook's Geography. 

fa Granada may be called Grand, being so high and abounding with 
gold.— Robertson’s America. Book VII. 

c Cayenne, an article of produce in Cayenne, on the coast of Guiana.— 
Brookes. Cayenne. 

d Abounding in mines of gold and silver.— Brookes. Peru. 


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156 


5. Hete Hete’s waistcoat is made of Brazil wood all 
awry O Jane hero, for buttons jewels d HooK NiNe. 

6. Hete Hete’s flap is a plate full of Ben’s airs, 
where many* from one FoX MaKe. 

7. Hete Hete’s skirt is small and chilly, his wife St. 
Jade O, though close to the Andes f YeT MeeK. 

8. Hete Hete’s stocking marked Patty go near Ju¬ 
lian, a long mark for such BaSe HoSe. 

9. Hete Hete’s foot on fiery land which is not capital e . 


d Precious stones are here in great plenty.— Brookes. Rio Janeiro, 
e The cattle imported multiplied greatly.— Brookes. Buenos Ayres. 
f In the Andes are many volcanoes.— Brookes. Andes. 

K No capital.— Gen. Gaz. Terra del Fuego. 






I 


% 


157 

DIRECTIONS FOR TRACING THE OUTLINES 
OF THE QUARTERS OF THE WORLD. 



1. Draw two hemispheres resembling the above figure, 
by proceeding as follows: 

Describe 14 the circle NW SE: draw the equator W E 
and the meridian N S: divide the quadrants of the circle, 


k See a method more difficult and (in principle) less accuiatc. Kccs s 
Cyclo. Maps. 

















































158 




and also the equator and meridian from the centre to the cir¬ 
cumference, each into nine parts: through the divisons 
of the equator draw the other meridians : through the di¬ 
visions of the meridian N S, from those of one quadrant 
to those of the opposite, draw the parallels of latitude. For 
the other hemisphere, proceed in the same manner. 

To draw one quarter of an hemisphere (which may con¬ 
tain the country required) describe a quadrant, divide, &c. 
as above. 

2. Mark the capitals in their respective situations on the 
hemispheres, (formed as above,) agreeably to the associa¬ 
tions which have been learnt. 

3. Draw the outlines as follows : 

EUROPE. 

Placing the geographical figure, plate 3, before you; 
commence with the coast near Christiansand, Norway. Mid 
perpetual snows Rein Deer may See FoeS 1 II ; proceed 2°. 
west, then north ; pass Bergen (5°. and GO 0 .); clear the 
hollow m of the Northway oF DeW ; as much farther north, 
then N E to the North Cape (23°. and 71°.) where but few 
IliSe YeT n ; pass round the promontory of Lapland, and 
lap round the White Sea to the mouth of Onega river and 
town, to which an Archangel MaY DeeM (37°. and 63°.)°; to 
the point of the bear’s tail, DuKe a DoSe, (64°. and 63°.) p ; 
along the east of the bear by the OuraD mountains to the 


I Mountains in Norway are covered with perpetual snow, and ranged by 
bears, wolves, and foxes. Christiansand. Lon. 8°. Lat. 58°. 

m Bergen situated on a semicircle of the coast. 

II Norway thinly populated.— Gen. Gazetteer. 

° The mouth of the river and the town Onega, near to Archangel. 
v The title of the sovereign of Russia was formerly Grand Duke. 

11 “ Ours,” the French word for bear. 



foot, which the animals 1 ' may FiX FiX. Came Vulgar 
Down 9 to a sea of‘ which Me QuaK’D u , (39°. and 4G°.) ; 
crossing Crime here, sweep round a dead black semi¬ 
circle, Constant and noble, turn Sal o nigh car, part of the 
NaMe HiC v , (23°. and 40°.), by Hath • Hens More here 
MaDe (3G°.) W . Up to Adriatic Venus on stilts x , who must 
many a PaiR HaVe, (12°. and 45°. ) down to and pass the 
Reggio strait Di MeS y , (6°. and 38 c .); approach the gulph 
and town of Genoa, too proud z to SHaKe a , (8°. and 44°.); 
descend a strait Gib or halter to Caddies, by the Phenicians 
said to Be MaDe b (6°. and 3G°.) west to Cape St. Vincent 0 . 
North by Lisbon; Go run her HoMe d , (43°. ) sweep the 
half elipsis of Biscay to the Breast oF a HouSe®. North 
cast to Amsterdam; form the dog’s tail near Copenhagen: 
up the Baltic and gulph of Finland, nearly to Petersburgh; 


r The country in Russia, above this latitude, too bleak for cultivation, 
therefore animals the principal food of the natives.— Gen. Gaz. 
b The boundary continues by the rivers Ivam, Volga, and Don. 
t The town and sea of Azof. 

u The waters of Azof, though in such a low latitude, frequently frozen 
so as to bear carriages, and sometimes driven back by an east wind to allow 
a passage across 14 miles.— Gen. Gaz. 

T Part of the ancient name Thessalonica. 

w The longitude of Athens in the Morea, the same as that ofSalonica. 
x In the 59th symbol Venice is represented on stilts : the town is built 
on piles.— Gen. Gaz. 

y Reggio is situated on the Faro di Messina, or Strait of Messina. 
z Genoa signifies proud. In this territory Columbus was born. 
a In 1800, vigorously resisted the Austrians by land, while the British 
blockaded it by sea. 

b Cadiz said to be founded by the Phenicians. 

c Where, contemplating the Atlantic, Prince Henry of Portugal project¬ 
ed his enterprizes of discovery.— Robertson’s America. 

ll The longitude of Corunna nearly the same as that of Lisbon. Here 
Sir John Moore was killed : his body was brought home. 
e Brest is well named, being a very secure harbour. 



Q 


160 

return to the gulph of Bothnia, opposite Stockholm ; up the 
galph to Lapland. Lapland Torn here r in the NooK a- 
BoVe f . Pass by Stockholm near Copenhagen to Chris- 
tiana and Christiansand. 

Commencing at Azov, tracing the coasts of the Azov, 
Black, and Marmora seas, passing down the Archipe¬ 
lago, round the Levant almost to Cairo, the back of Ma¬ 
homet’s head is formed, and the projection (Anatolia) on his 
shoulder (which almost reaches Constantinople and Aleppo), 
and by proceeding west from the mouth of the Nile to 
Ceuta, near Gibraltar, the north coast of Africa and the 
Mediterranean sea, (which are necessary to a map of Europe,) 
are formed. 

ASIA. 

The eastern boundary of Europe (already described) forms 
the western part of Asia. From Cairo down the Red Sea, 
to opposite Zeila, to Cape Rasalhad, the south eastern point 
of Arabia, which another prophet can FiGuRe oN e (59°. and 
22°.) Up the Persian gulph nearly to Bassorah a KeY 
QMaW h (47°. and 30°.) along the coast of Persia drop 
below Delhi, Cape Comorin; Go (9°.) to Call the cutter', 
where streams to the ScaS RuN k ; to the southern point of 
Malaya, where upper different from LoWeR aRe * 1 (102°. and 
2°.) form Cochin China, reach Coast of China, reach a Pick¬ 
ing ; form a Core here; to the N E point of Chinese Tartary, 


1 The river Tornea divides Russian from Swedish Lapland, and rises 
above the town, in the lake Kipis. 

K Ibn Saoued the reformer of the Mahometanism in 1747.— Gen. Gaz. 

» Arabia. 

h An emporium of the trade of the Arabians, Persians, &c. at the junc¬ 
tion of the Euphrates and Tigris, and built by Omar. 

1 Named after the Goddess Caly Cuta. 

k Many streams of the Ganges. 

i Malays of the lower districts comparatively civilized ; the Samangs 
of the mountains are savages.— Gen. Gaz. Malacca. 



♦ 


161 

(144\ and 54°.) and the S E of Russian Tartary, where the 
Lamas manage extensively To HooK a FaKe m . West, and 
then North East along the sea of Okhotsk on the coast of 
Siberia, where there is many a LeaDeN DiKe", (162°. 
and (>4°.); drop down Kamskatka to Peter and Paul, more 
of Ashes than of a LeaFY VieW 0 (157°. and 50°.); proceed 
(forming the sea of Anadir) to Cape Tchoukotskoie Nos 
on the Arctic circle, (172°. W. long.) which seems the quar¬ 
ters p To JoiN. West to the cape. North West point of this 
barren JeT « (71°. lat. and 172°. (as above) E. long.) pro¬ 
ceed to the North West point of Europe, forming the tails of 
the bird and bear. 

• . • . t 

;; * AFRICA. 

Having Cairo marked and the north coast described, (see 
Europe,) mark the other capitals; mark the west cape. 
Cape Verd, (17°. and 14°.) near which lay the JaLoffs and the 
FouLaIIs r . Mark the eastern cape Guardafui (51°. and 
11 °.) from a FooT LeaP with Zeal HooK LoW *: (44°. 
and 10°.) draw the coast outside the exterior places. 

NORTH AMERICA. 

From the Icy Cape (about the same latitude as Cape 
North, in the country of the Tchouktches,) travel down 
Behring’s Straits, nearly the meridian of the East Cape, to 

the point of Alaska, lat. 53°. no FaiM 1 give Prince William’s 

* 

m The religion of the Lamas prevails much-in Tartary.— Buck's Diet. 
n Mines of lead, &c. in Siberia.— Gen. Gaz. Siberia. 

° A chain of mountains in Kamskatka, many of them volcanic, and one 
near Nigni throws out lava about once in two years for two weeks ; is seen 
at the distance of 200 miles, and casts ashes 30 miles.— Gen. Gaz. Kam¬ 
skatka. 

p Asia and America. 

Very barren.— Gen. Gaz. Tchouktches. 
r In Jal reversed, and in lah, are the longitude and latitude. 
s Zeila, on the gulph of Adel, hooks or draws considerable trade, 
t No faim (no hunger): a river runs into Bristol Bay, abounding with 
salmon. 


Y 



162 


Sound. “ Cook THY DaLe.” lat. 147. long. 61. Caper 
St. Lucas, Tropic of California, where the sky’s beauty we 
must aLLoW 0 return about 10°. up the gulph, and thence 
by the Spanish Possessions to Panama SaW See; cross the 
Isthmus; proceed, forming the bays of Honduras and Cam¬ 
peche, round to the South point of East Florida, so florid 
SaW orange groves just above the Cancer T , forming Nova 
Scotia and the gulph of St. Lawrence, to the N E of Labra¬ 
dor, which will a ploughman proVoKe, VoKe w , (54°. and 
54°.); proceed up Hudson’s Strait to the N W point, where 
it would be hard to SaW a BeaM x (00°. and 63°.) ; sail 
round Hudson’s Bay and return to Cape Walsingham, by 
whale fishery’s DaY BooK y , (67°. and 64°.) examine round 
Baffin’s Bay to Sir Thomas Smith’s Sound, where those of 
different JuiCe YuX z (70°. and 78°.), come at last to Cape 
Farewell, Greenland ; HeRe a FoG a (4*2°. and 59°.) vise to 
the Arctic, which can not be LoW. 

SOUTH AMERICA. 

From Panama SaW See up and down the Chagre b , form- 


u California, a barren region, where the sky is peculiarly beautiful.— 
Gen. Gaz. California, Old. 

v Orange groves border St. John’s river. The point of East Florida is 
a little above the Tropic of Cancer. , 
w Improperly named “ Terra de Labrador,” or Ploughman’s Land, as 
it is very barren, mountainous, and stony.— Gen. Gaz. Labrador. 
x The country barren of timber round Hudson’s Bay. 
y The whale fishery is carried on in Davis’s Straits.— Gen. Gaz. Davis’s 
Straits. 

> 

z The Aborigines of North and South America (excepting those of this 
extreme northern part) seem to be of one race.— Robertson's America, Vol. 
I. Book IV. 

a In sharp frosts a peculiar fog, or mist, arises from the sea off Green¬ 
land.—-Gen. Gaz. Greenland. 

b The principal means of communication between the eastern coast and 
the capital.— Gen. Gaz. Panama. 


p 



163 


ing Benny venture a (Beneventura) bay and Cape Francis 
Co (Francisco), pass Lie Ma (Lima), near the handies (An¬ 
des), and St. Jago, to Cape Horn, which you can round a 
JoCo FiX c (70°. and 58°.); pass Rio Janeiro to Cape St. 
Roque: to this country came the Court of Portugal, by 
the singular MoVe oF 1808 d (35°. and 5°.); enter the mouth 
of the Amazon by nearly touching the equinoctial line in 
the longitude of Cayenne : round by Cayenne to Cape Vela, 
New Grenada, JoiN TuNe e (72°. and 12°.), leaving Vela, 
form a V, and return to Panama. 


c Better to double Cape Horn than to attempt a passage through Ma¬ 
gellan’s Straits. 

d The court of Lisbon moved to Brazil. 

e United in .the liberation of South America, and forms an important 
part of the kingdom recently established and named Colombia. 








\ 



. f i ' ft » ■ *’ 1 > . ■ * ■ r 

ASTRONOMY. 



In the machine of the universe, we scarcely know whether 
to admire most, its grandeur or its simplicity: the former 
*' quite ingulphs all human thought;” the latter delightfully 
holds us in the contemplation of infinite wisdom; and ren¬ 
ders the science, which is eminently calculated to enlarge 
the mind, comparatively easy of attainment. To understand 
this structure of orbs and systems, to obtain an idea of their 
arrangement and revolutions, is to acquire a general know¬ 
ledge of Astronomy. There are, however, some things per¬ 
taining to it desirable to commit to memory : the order, dis¬ 
tance, magnitudes, periods, characters, &c. of the planets; 
the order, and characters of the signs; the definitions of 
circles, &c. 

The following table is taken from some of the latest works 
on Astronomy, without attempting very great exactness; but 
it is conceived, with quite as much as is important. It would 
not be worth while to burden the memory with tens, or even 
hundreds, when the works on this science differ by millions. 
We therefore give, in the diameter of all the heavenly bo¬ 
dies excepting the Earth, the thousands of miles, omitting 
the remainder. Of the Earth, as it is in some systems so 
near 8,000 as 7,970, and in a modern one 8,244, we call 
it 8,000. The four asteroids will be remembered to be 
each about 150 miles diameter. In the distance from the Sun 
we give the millions; in the hourly motion, the thousands of 
miles; in the diurnal motion, of all but the Sun and Moon, 
the hours; and of those bodies, the days; in the annual of 
the first three, the months ; of the others, the years. 




TABLE OF THE DIAMETERS, Sfc. OF THE SUN, MOON, AND PLANETS. 


165 



• 

W 










a 

- AS 





• 





o 

■H 

o 

« 

o 

-2 

•+-> 

o 

H-* 

-4-» 

6 

ts 


years 


• 

o 

H-J 

-+•> 

• 

o 

43 

• 

o 

■H 


s 

• ph 

33 


33 



• PH 

33 

• pH 

33 

33 

•3 

1 

CO 


d 





HW 


S3 


1 

Cl 

1 

d 

05 

d 

a 

0 



f-H 


rH 

d 

CO 

C 










✓ 












a 











o 











•pH 


O 

f-4 

o 

c/3 

*-h 


o 

O 

o 

o 

S' 

5* 


p 

o 

H— > 
H-> 

>> 

c3 

zs 

o 


H-J 
H-3 
• pH 

*U> 

H-J 

H-» 

33 

33 

-3 

33 

33 

-3 


33 

33 

33 

r-H 











CS 

Hh> 




H|« 






u 

CO 

1 

CO 


05 

Tt< 

1 

05 

O 

1 

S3 

d 

ci 

Cl 

(M 

Cl 

1 


f-H 

1 

« 




- 







• 

•» 

1/1 










S3 

o 

a) 

rs 

o 

o 

**-» 

o 


o 

H-> 

* 

© 

O 

H—' 

o 

H-> 

o 

}5S 

s 

• pH 

33 

• pH 

33 

• H 

33 


• r—» 

33 


• pH 

33 

• pH 

33 

• PH 

33 



O 

O 

O 


O 


o 

o 

o 

>•» 

ph 

u 

p 

1 

O 

o 

O 

O 

•N 

O 

f 

O 

O 

1 

O 

O 

O 

o 

O 

O 

o 

05 

CO 

CO 

cO 


cT 

cT 

|> 

HH 


o 

l—l 


CO 


iO 


d 

d 


a 

s 

VI 

<D 

pC 

miles, 

o 

-4-H 
-4-J 
• H 

33 

o 

•*-> 

* pH 

33 

o 

H-J 

• rH 

33 


o 

-*-> 

• pH 

33 


o' 

■*-> 

H-> 

• pH 

33 

o 

H-J 

Hp» 

• pH 

33 

o 

HP> 

• pH 

33 



O 

O 

O 


O 


o 

O 

O 

s 


O 

O 

O 


o 


o 

O 

O 

o 

b 

<4- 

I 

o 
o' ■ 

O 

•V 

O 

O 

O 

X 

1 

o 

•V 

o 

1 

o 

•\ 

o 

o 

© 

o 

»s 

O 


o 

o 

O 

1 

o 

1 

o 

o 

o 

o 

a 

o 

o 

p\ 

o 


o 


© 

o 

o^ 



CO 

CO 

CO 


to 


© 

r>* 

o 



CO 

CO 

05 




05 

o 

o 

5 






pH 


3P 

05 

CO 











f-H 


tn 

<V 

o 

o 

O 

O 

o 

© 

O 

O 

o 

• 



-4-> 



H-* 

H-3 


H-J 


u 

4> 

s 

33 

'O 

*3 

33 

'O 

33 

■33 

33 

'O 












a> 

o 

O ■ 

o 

o 

O 

o 

O 

O 

O 

o 

s 

o 

O 

o 

o 

CO 

o 

cO 

o 

O 

o 

tc 

o 

d 

CO 

o 

f-H 

r-H 

P-H 

o 

O 

o 

Q 

© 

co" 

cT 

CO 

Ci" 

>o 


© 

05 



05 







05 


co 


CO 











• 

• 

• 

• 

• 


-3 

• 

• 

. 


• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 




• 




• 


• 

• 

P 


• 

in 




• 




<v 


• 

p 


• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 



■ 

33 


• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

r/i 

• 

• 

• 

• 

M 


• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• pH 

O 

• 

• 

g 


« 

c/> 

>3 

ti 

P 

• 

C/3 

• 

• 

• 

IH 

o> 

y> 

Sh 

0> 

• 

PH 

PH 

S3 

• pH 

b£) 


CJ 

P 


c 

in 





0) 

pH 

H 

J-H 

o 

S 

3 

05 

w 

o 

o 

s 

c3 

s 

3P 

• pH 

CL, 

3 

*“> 

2 

H-» 

CO 

CO 

o 

<u 

ID 


% 


We take a series of symbols for the heavenly bodies, and 
another series for diameter, distance, &c. &c. and then form 



















V 


166 

words to connect a symbol representing a heavenly body, 
with a symbol representing diameter, or distance, &c.; 
which words express the diameter, distance, &c. 

We begin at Symbol 51% taking it for the Sun, 52 for Mer¬ 
cury, and proceed thus to GO for the Georgium Sid us. We 
then commence another series of symbols; 61 for diame¬ 
ter, G2 for distance, 63 for hourly, 64 for diurnal, and 65 
for annual motion. 

\ f ■- t •{ 4 * ~ 

Examples. 

Falling Zion’s epistle, is like a scorching sun to the fleur 
de lis; to avoid it So Go We b , and on a raft RoVe c . 

Beating the silkworm, makes Mercury from the fleur de 
lis ooZe into a cycle of silk MuD: over this the hog is not 
worth ToWaGe ; hut he cries , to the retreat, Chosroes help 
Me. 

Sighs from Venus’s fleur Go, silken, hut BaSe: the hog 
grunts to imitate the JaDe: so on the raft she says I will 
RoaM, and , Chosroes, retreat to You. 

Bribes are like fleur de lis earth, to make you not See; 
and though a whole cycle of silk you GaVe for the Polish 
hog, it would he too BaSe: on the raft he goes to RaKe the 
retreat PuRe. 

The hermitage hy Moonlight shews oNe fleur de lis; the 
raft a RoGue. 

Demon of war Gelasius, o Fie, a whole cycle of silk to 

THieVe, to the tune of the warlike bog’s FiFe; and then 

/ 

look in the raft for a NooK to retreat iN. 

Four new crosses about 150 each. 


a We have commenced some sciences with the symbols of the second 
room, to prevent, unnecessarily clogging those of the first, and to bring 
those of tl^e second into more frequent use. 

b So Go We (890,) the thousands of miles in the diameter of the Sun. 
c RoYe (25,) the days in the sun’s diurnal motion. 




167 


Burgundy is, like Jupiter, powerful; so for a reviving 
fleur Go We, and for silk eKe Go We, to tie the hog who 
begins to RaGe; and then in a raft Go to the retreat PuRe. 

Trotting Venice in Saturn’s ring, gives the Gelasius with 
his fleur such a JoG, that but for the cycle of Silk he would 
Go aWaY, and with the hog RuN the raft LoW, and retreat 
in a RaGe. 

Heads of Herschel declare MY Gelasius, better tie with 
silk than LooSe a CoW; for hoggish Joe might retreat with 
the SaMe. 

For the Order of the Signs we shall adopt Dr. Watts’s 
well-known lines: 

“ The ram, the bull, the heavenly twins, 

“ And, next the crab, the lion shines, 

“ The virgin, and the scales; 

“ The scorpion, archer, and sea goat, 

“ The man that holds the wat’ring pot, 

“ And fish with glittering tails.” 

If a person inspect the characters or figures of the 
signs, and planets, and notice their resemblance to their 
antitypes he will soon be well acquainted with them. “ Dr. 
Long observes that w represents the horns of the ram; s 
the head and horns of the bull; n the twins joining hands 
and feet; the character of cancer as represents the change 
of the sun’s declination, from north to south, by two lines 
or figures drawn so as to point two contrary ways; £b is 
the tail of the lion; tt# was originally the three ears of corn 
which Virgo held ; is the beam of the balance; rq, was, 
at first, the picture of the scorpion; f the arrow of the 
archer; represents Capricorn the goat-fish; zz is a na¬ 
tural representation of the water’s undulating surface; X is 
the picture of two fishes tied together, back to back.’’ d 


d Butler on the Globes, page 133. 



108 



We may proceed in a similar manner with the characters 
for the sun, moon, and planets, which are as follow: 


San. Mercury. Venus. 

Earth. 

Moon. Mars. 

Ceres. 

Pallas, 

o $ 


© 

D 3 


P 

Juno. 

Vesta. 

Jupiter. 

Saturn, 

Georgium Siting. 

J 

V 

V- 

T? 

¥ 


The circle represents the Sun, a round body; Mercury is 
represented by the caduceus of the god Mercury; Venus, by 
the arrow of her son Cupid; the Earth, by the Globe with 
the equator marked upon it; the Moon appears in its cre¬ 
scent form ; Mars, the god of war, being one of the superior 
planets, has his arrow above the circle, contrary to Venus, 
one of the inferior planets; Ceres, the goddess of corn and 
harvest, is denoted by the sickle; Pallas, Juno, and Vesta, 
by their initials ; for Jupiter, we have his hand grasping the 
thunderbolt; for Saturn, his scythe; and the Georgium Si- 
dus is signified by the initial of the name of its discoverer. 

For the definition of circles, the student, with 
the celestial globe before him, should read their descrip¬ 
tion in an Astronomical Treatise, and afterwards endeavour 
to give an account of each circle; the stationary (as the 
equator, ecliptic, &c.) and the varying, (as the azimuths, 
&c.) These are things easily retained when understood: 
and soon acquired, by noticing the signification of their 
names: as equator , equal, dividing the earth : the ecliptic , 
that in which eclipses always happen, &c. 

The above are the principal things needful for us to touch 
upon; the student, for practice, should work the problems 
on the globe; in doing which, he will become acquainted 
with the constellations and their respective stars. A 
good collection of problems, adopting mnemonical princi¬ 
ples, is given by Butler. 


We may add, it is easy for a person who knows the order 
of the signs, to state the sun’s place in the eclip¬ 
tic on a given day ; because it enters Aries in March, 
and a new sign about the twentieth of each succeeding 
month. 


THE 




GREAT NUMERALS. 


1H E great numerals, thousands and millions, will be very 
seldom brought into use, because, generally, some of them 
may be supposed throughout a succession of numbers; 
as in the instance of the thousand years in the chrono¬ 
logy of the Kings of England: or, where the numbers 
run high, it may be sufficient to state the millions, thou¬ 
sands, or hundreds, and omit the tens and units, as we have 
done in Astronomy, regarding only the millions and thou¬ 
sands. But sometimes, the great numerals may occur under 
such circumstances, that it would be inconvenient to use the 
letters for figures according to the rules already laid down; 
as to write 500,000,006, or 140,000,056, or 600,071, would 
occasion very awkward repetitions of c or w. 

If, to meet this difficulty, we take (as one writer does) the 
double consonants sh, ch, &c. we deprive ourselves of their 
use as standing for units and tens; for which purpose they 
are very often requisite. 

In common numerals we employ all the consonants in the 
English alphabet, therefore we have recourse to another for 
the great numerals. The four mentioned below are selected 
from the Greek . 


Characters. 

e 

<t> 

x 


Names. 

Theta y 
Phi $ 
Chi 1 
Psi ] 


Value. 

Thousand 

Million 


Sounds. 


Th 


Ph 

Ch or Gh 
Ps 




171 


1 lie two characters for thousands have, in shape, some 
affinity with each other; and so have those two which sig¬ 
nify millions. 

In using the characters for great numerals, we must em¬ 
ploy them, in forming words, according to their sounds, as 
if they were English letters. If a character commence a 
word, it will represent a single million or thousand ; if pre¬ 
ceded by one or more consotiants, those consonants give 
the number of millions or thousands; and if followed by 
one or more consonants , those consonants are common nu¬ 
merals: as x*Ne ( kine) stands for 1,000,002; FeafleR 
( feather ) for 5,002 ; 0umbs ( thumbs ) for 1,368. 

To prevent mistaking these characters for ph, k, &c. 

when repeating the words in which they occur, (the shape is a 

*» 

sufficient guard when reading them,) we may observe that x 
has a guttural sound which will distinguish it from an Eng¬ 
lish letter, and the other three must be doubled in pro¬ 
nouncing the word in which either of them is introduced : 
fearer, or feather, must be called feat-ther; ^alm, ep-psalm ; 
<^ial, ep-phial. It might be objected that this would con¬ 
fuse ; that feat-ther would be taken for 51,002 ; but the 
connection of these additional, or doubling consonants with 
0, <p, or \p, will shew the purpose of their employment 
—to distinguish the Greek characters—and not to represent 
figures. 


H I S T O R Y. 


UNDER Chronology, we observed that the symbols, with 
or without the lines, form an extensive system in that 
science; and we may here remark, that they contain a large 
collection of historical facts. In history, we do not, gene¬ 
rally, wish to retain, verbatim, what we read. We are sa¬ 
tisfied with the outline, the most interesting events, and so 
many chronological and geographical points, as will pre¬ 
serve from confusion and give perspicuity to our knowledge. 
To attempt to fix in the mind the minutise of all history, 
would be, to encumber it with much that is useless, and 
to prevent the retention of that which is desirable. The 
different parts of history are naturally connected: it is a 
chain of which one link brings many others to recollection ; 
therefore, it is unnecessary to fix more than the larger links, 
and principal parts. 

History is universal, and particular; ancient, and modern. 
It is better to apply mnemonics to universal history, ancient 
and modern; because particular history, or the history of 
particular countries, is involved, that of one country with 
that of others; and it is almost impossible to speak of any 
of the affairs of one, which have not some bearing on those 
of others. Therefore a much more luminous view of the 
events, which have taken place on the stage of this world, 
is obtained by studying history in a comprehensive manner; 
and that view is more easily preserved than the knowledge 
of a smaller portion of history, when it is acquired by sepa¬ 
rate and perplexing parts. Hence the utility of such schemes 
as Priestley’s Chart, The Stream of Time, &c. 




173 


The learner may adopt one of these inodes: 

1. Read a system of history, and, at the close of each 

% 

epoch, refer to the symbols, and observe what events, be¬ 
longing to that epoch, are fixed by those symbols which cor¬ 
respond with it. 

2. Read a system, and select as many events as you think 
proper, and join them with their contemporary symbols. 

3. Read a system, select your events from their respective 
epochs, and connect them with the contemporary symbols, 
forming words to give the precise dates. 

4. Read a system, learn the lines given in the chronologi¬ 
cal tables, pp. 33. et seq. 

In the chronological lines the'associations are formed, 
and the dates fixed of the most important points in universal 
history. This latter mode we would therefore recommend; it 
enables a person not only to state the dates of events, but also 
to refer to any century, and name its leading transactions. 

Example of the First Method. 

Perusing, in the Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, “ Uni¬ 
versal History,” from its commencement to the death of 
Joseph, (the end of our first wall.) we find, in the two 
first chapters, entitled the Antediluvian Period, and the 
Patriarchal Age, and in the introductory chapter, a course 
of events, of which the principal are permanently arranged 
in the mind by the symbols of the floor and first wall, as 
follows: 

The events in the period of history referred to, are the 
births of Adam, Seth, Enos, Cainan, &c. the ark built of 
Gopher tree, the deluge, the building of Babel, the found¬ 
ing of Egypt, the conquests of Belus, the rise of Babylon, 
Abraham’s departure, his victory, the births of Jacob and 
Joseph, and Joseph’s death. 

Now a person having learnt the symbols, 1—19, and ob¬ 
served the explanation of them in the tables pp. 32. et seq. 
columns 3 and 4, finds that by those symbols he has the 
above events already fixed in his mind. 


Examples of the Second Method. 

1. In addition to what is contained in the symbols and 
lines, we may connect with Enos the things which preced¬ 
ed him; Creation, appointment of sabbaths, marriage, the 
fall, commission of murder; by saying the Creator appoint¬ 
ed sabbaths and marriage before they fell on unmurdered 
Enos. 

2. We may connect the death a of Adam with Lamech 
by saying, Lamech lamented for the first man. Thus we may 
proceed making each symbol a centre, and gathering around 
it as many events as we think proper. 

i 

Examples of the Third Method. 

There are but few facts and dates which can be added to 
the symbols on the floor: we, therefore, notice some, con¬ 
temporary with those on the first wall. 

The earliest which it seems worth while to add to the 
symbols according to the third method, are the trial of Abra¬ 
ham’s faith, in A.M. 2133, and the death of Sarah, A.M. 
2145. These may be connected with the birth of Isaac, by 
saying, Isaac had good parents, and to offer him up must 
TeaZe J eM : and his mother might find death come like a 
THieF. 

We shall not proceed further with exemplifications of 
these methods. The fourth will generally be preferred, as 
embracing an ample collection of facts: a multitude being na¬ 
turally connected with them, requiring no artificial union: 
as in the instance of the deluge; every person familiar with 

/ 

Scripture History, knows that the first appearance of the 
rainbow and the grant of animal food to man, are circum¬ 
stances immediately succeeding the flood. Therefore, the 
date of the flood being fixed in his mind, the period of each 


Adam died between the birth of Lamech and that of Noah. 



of the succeeding events is also known with sufficient accu¬ 
racy. 


Example of the Fourth Method . 

Having read the portion of history from the creation to 
the death of Joseph, on referring to the symbols and learn¬ 
ing the mnemonical lines in connection with them, we find 
the following facts attached to the symbols : the births of 
the Antediluvian Patriarchs—the translation of Enoch—An¬ 
tediluvian longevity—the two lines of Cain and Seth—the 
flood—the Sons of Noah—the mighty hunter Belus or Nim¬ 
rod—the building of Babel—the dispersion—Noah’s sup¬ 
posed emigration to China—origin of the principal nations—- 
the Patriarchs from Arphaxad to Abraham—the removal 
from Ur—and from Haran—Abraham’s victory—Destruc¬ 
tion of Sodom and Gomorrah—Birth of Isaac—of Jacob— 
his flight to Padan-aram, and marriage—birth of Joseph— 
murder of the Shechemites—death of Joseph—close of Ge¬ 
nesis, with many other points explained in the chronological 
tables, pp. 32, et seq. 

To the above, additional connections may be made agree¬ 
ably to the examples of the second method. 

Some persons may only wish to apply the art to the his¬ 
tory of a few countries, or of a single country, or they may 
wish to be more particular in their account of a certain king¬ 
dom, than they are in universal history. Such persons may 
connect what facts they please, with the contemporary sym¬ 
bols, or with any series of the symbols. The particulars of 
the History of England may be arranged under the reigns in 
which they occur, and united with our Chronology of English 
Kings. 

By dividing a paper into one hundred, or any number ol 
squares, and representing events in a hieroglyphical man¬ 
ner, and connecting those squares of hieroglyphics with the 
symbols, a very minute detail of a portion ot history might 
be obtained ; for instance: 


176 


t 

hi Aspin's Chronology, the third, fourth, and fifth para¬ 
graphs of the introductory remarks to Epoch 6 ; speak—of 
the weakness of the French kings —the power of the nobles 
to make peace and war—the three estates—and the large 
bodies of men the parliaments, in the first paragraph; of the 
great power of Louis XI.—and of Louis XV. suppressing 
—and Louis XVI. restoring the parliaments, in the second 
paragraph ; of the farming of the revenues—the lettres de 
cachet—and the system of espionage, in the third paragraph. 
These tilings may be represented in three squares, by such 
hieroglyphics, as a tall bullrush for a weak king; the sword 
and olive for peace and war; three lines for the three 
estates; a large body for the parliaments ; a tall XI for the 
power of Louis XL ; the suppression and restoration, by 
XV leaning one way, XVI the other ; the farming of the re¬ 
venues, by the harrow; the letters, by a letter; and espion¬ 
age, by a telescope. 



We may connect these squares of hieroglyphics with 
Enos, List, and Jug, by saying, that Enos’s shape is some¬ 
thing like that of the bullrush ; the list stoops like the XV. 
and XVI. and the Jug is for one article of farming—the ale. 

























ST AT1ST1C A L TA BLES 




USE for each country, that part of one of the geographi¬ 
cal figures (plates 3—7) which it forms, and take a series 
of symbols, for the heads of information, (area, population, 
&c.); then form a word or idea which will connect the 
country, by its part of one of the geographical figures, with 
the head or topic of information, by its symbol, which word 
or idea will also express the number or articles under that 
head in that country. 

In this subject, the things to be committed to memory are 
very numerous ; but by attentively referring to the part of the 
geographical figure, and strongly impressing the same on the 
vision and memory, as connected with the articles belong¬ 
ing to it; that those of the different countries may be kept 
distinct; they will be found more easy to attain, than, pro¬ 
bably, might at first be conceived. When learning Statis¬ 
tics, place the geographical figure before you : this will give 
distinctness to your acquisitions on the subject, and confirm 
you in those made in Geography. 

To commit to memory a statistical table of Europe, in¬ 
cluding the kingdoms of Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, 
Denmark, Russia, Prussia, Austria, Holland, France, Spain, 
Portugal, Switzerland, Italy, and Turkey, and giving an 
account of the area in square miles, population, principal 
rivers, vegetables, animals, minerals, manufactures, religion, 
and government, of those kingdoms; join, for each kingdom, 
its part of the Rein Deer, or geographical figure for 

• 2 A 




178 


Europe, to the symbol crowns, for area in square miles; and 
to the symbol cotton mace, for population, by words which 
give the number of miles and the population ; and proceed 
in like manner with the rivers, vegetables, &c. 

We commence with symbol 80. The square miles may be 
represented by the conqueror’s puncheon, because conquer¬ 
ors long to add them to their dominions; the population by 
the cotton mace, because many people want much cotton, 
and they are ruled by the mace; the running rivers by the 
sieve, through which things run ; the vegetables by Tally’s 
Russian whip, with the leek in front; the animals by the 
Alphonsine tables, in which they may be entered ; the mi¬ 
nerals by the spectacles for coals, which may serve for other 
minerals; the manufactures by gunpowder madeira, the one 
being a manufacture, the other good for a manufacturer ; 
religion by an admiral, who remembers the plague of the lo¬ 
custs ; government by the algebraic era, in which were 
many governments. 

We have selected from Myers’s Statistical Chart, the most 
useful and least fluctuating of the articles not already 
brought into our work, comparing them with that author’s 
recently published Geography. We had included some, 
which are now omitted on account of the rapid variations 
which have taken place even while this work has been in 
hand. Some idea of the imports and exports, may be form¬ 
ed from the productions and manufactures, which are given. 

GREAT BRITAIN. 

John Bull likes a conqueror's puncheon , which covers 
much ground , and makes it aLL a Ba0. 

John Bull’s cotton mace (as in his dominions there are 
many dialects) stamps different TY^ a . 


a John Bull’s area is expressed by the character for thousands; his 
population, by that for millions; and these denote the value of the num¬ 
bers, on these articles, in all the other kingdoms. 



179 

Jo/m Bull's sun and star sieve tames {Thames). John 
Bull s leek, or Taffy's Russian whip, is a wonderful one, for 
it supplies Europe with grain; it is worn in hops b , hound 
with hemp and flax, dyed with saffron and. woad, which 
are neither esculents nor fruits. 

John Bull s alphonsine tables, in which may he entered 
the four principal animals, horses, cattle, sheep, and hogs, 
and likewise, though dear, {deer,) foxes and hares, with 
game poultry, and fish; hut never mind , Wales has the 
golden eagle; Scotland, stags, and rows {rpes) of colleys ; 
and Ireland, the most beautiful greyhound c . 

John Bull's 1 spectacles for coals, will certainly do to in¬ 
spect minerals, tin boxes black leaded over, filled with rock 
salt, spar, and stone, pots of clay {potter s clay) full of 
earth, {fuller's earth,) would be smooth {bismuth) to a man 
a knees ( manganese), but there are none in ths hollow den, 
{Holland, Denmark); all the other places have some cop- 
pored silver, but no lead into Italy iron Turkeys, nor cobalt 
Turkey swish, {Switz,) no marbles for poor Germans and 
Prussians. 

John Bull's gunpowder madeira: it will not be safe to 
have more than a little in the den {Denmark); nor weigh 
{Norway) the Turkey; nor expect silks® from a porter {Por¬ 
tugal). 


b In statistics the objects are numerous : we endeavour, therefore, to fix 
them by any connection, and consider it sufficient if they are just named. 

c Though, in statistics, there are frequently many articles united, yet 
it will be found that in general there is a more close connection between 
every two or three. 

d John Bull’s articles are long, but by noticing the exceptions to some 
of them, repetition is prevented: as in minerals, by saying, no iron in 
Turkey, it is implied (without mentioning it in connection with each) that 
there is some in all the other European countries. 

e Silks manufactured in ail the kingdoms, except the four above men- 
tioned. 



t 


180 

Instead of on gunpowder and Madeira, he stands on his 
carpet; though he has cast and wrought iron in his leather 
shoes, with worsted stockings on one leg, and cotton on the 
other; stuff small clothes, a watch, and jewelery ; using an 
astronomical instrument to look through the glass at his 
clock; his waistcoat, linen ; his frill, on one side cambric, 
the other muslin ; metallic wares in one hand, earthen in the 
other, abundance of paper to ivrap them in, a new hat on 
his pate, and plenty of warm flannels, baize, frieze, and 
blankets behind, him. 

John Bull is of the same religion f as his locust of an ad¬ 
miral, which is the printer’s hope ( Protestant); but his cap 
is pressed by ( Presbyterian) to partly Catholic owl: the 
deer’s hind legs and body all so, except the sweet land, 
{Switzerland,) where some protest: where they have sacks 
on, (Saxony,) some loose, (Lutheran): in hollow land, 
(Holland,) cavernists ( Calvinists ): west fails, (Westphalia,) 
being loose (Lutheran): brush her (Prussia) both: her 
horns are loose : her head and the bear squeak Greek ; and 
the dog has Mahometan forelegs. 

In the algebraic era, the horns, John Bull, and the right 
leg, with sweet land, form the western limits: the head is 
despotic ; the remainder, absolute. 

NORWAY. 

Deer's horns run at Conqueror s puncheon, and then iN 
Go We. 

Horn cotton Maces for Me. 

The sun and stars sifted on the upper horn, might natu¬ 
rally glomerate ( Glommen ). 

Taffy's Russian whip may flog the horns into vast f orests 
of pines and firs. 


f For further explanation of the articles, refer to Myers’s Statistical 
Chart of Europe. 





181 


It may be entered in the Alphonsine tables , that they must 
be little horses and cattle to live on the upper horn, whilst 
near them the foxes a?id wolves bear links {lynx), to keep 
away those gluttons, the eagle, and falcon. 

Upper horn, without spectacles for coals, may be seen to 
be sour as alum, though garnished ( garnets) with stone, and 
loads of stone {loadstone). 

With the upper horn people, gunpowder madeira chiefly 
used for those that work in iron and other melals. 

. SWEDEN. 

In lower horn, sun and stars sifted in to a dale {Dahl.) 

In lower horn, Taffy gets many a whip from extensive 
forests of birch, which pine and pop ( poplar ) on mountains 
of ash far {fir). 

Wolves bear links {lynx) on both horns and the head s , 
which make their beavers hotter (i otter ') than gluttons for 
game. 

Spectacles for coals find that to make amends for its be¬ 
ing the lower horn, it is gilt and antimony quicksilvered 
with zinc and stone, giving sulphur. 

Even in the lower horn, the gunpowdered madeira, for fear 
it should blow up, is wrapped in woolly or cottony silk, and 
inclosed in copper and brass, iron and steel 1 *; which he 
sends, with hats full of watches, to ships, where he finds 
sail cloth and cordage. 


DENMARK. 

The dog's tail, in Conqueror s puncheon, calls upon NoNe. 
Dog's tail may be taken for a cotton mace, but only for 
oNe. 


g Norway, Sweden, and part of Russia. 

h The two former and the two latter, when polished, resemble in co¬ 
lour. 



1&2 

Dog's tail works the sun and star sieve to Eydar, instead 
of Cyder. 

Dog's tail does not like Taffy's Russian whip so well as 
esculent timber. 

Dog's tail drawn on the tables, by its size, will denote 
large cattle, strong horses, and, other domestics. 

RUSSIA. 

The bear is such a great Conquer or s puncheon, that it 
makes the deers head quite PeNSiVe. 

The bears cotton mace is enough to clothe a MoB. 

The bear’s sun and star sieve is coarse and vulgar (Volga). 

The bears taffy, being at home, he has his whip made of 
hemp and flax, which vegetate much fruit ; and with it he 
hops to Bacchus, (tobacco,) to have it made into wines. 

Bear tables, principal animals, one less than John Bull; 
the camels, sows lick, (souslik,) else, (elks,) fish and game. 

Bear's gunpowdered madeira has no need of cotton or 
linen; he has such a silky coat on his leather: he growls I 
sing glass, (isinglass,) as I go up the soaped cords, and oiled 
sails, with a candle stuck in porcelain or earthenware. 

PRUSSIA. 

The Berlin harness, with a Conqueror's puncheon on it, 
will make the deer find it hard To LiVe. 

On harness mace can thump the LaW. 

Berlin harness put in sun and star sieve, will make an 
odour (Oder). 

To use it on Berlin harness, it is common for Taffy to 
have his whip made of buck timber. 

Three common harnesses in the tables, like his neigh¬ 
bour's\ with game Ash. 

On the joggling harness, with spectacles for coals, one 


\ 


1 Like those of Russia. 



183 


cm hardly sec the difference between precious stones and 
amber. 

As awkward a place, as upon the gunpowder zd madeira, 
to sit lining {linen) silk with woollen cloths, glass and porce¬ 
lain with iron and brass, and hats with paper, and leather 
and copper articles with hard ware. 

t 

\ 

AUSTRIA. 

The Deers strong loins will be like a Conqueror's puncheon 
to RiDe oN. 

Around his loins , the cotton mace will shew * 1 he has a 
mighty ReX. 

Danube, chiefs of European rivers, flows through the sun 
and star sieve , round the loins of Deer and Dog. 

Taffy, just arrived with whip in hand, to judge his loins 
feels his pulse ; finding him bad, makes a mixture of wine, 
tobacco, and saffron; to make it mellow, {melons,) he will 
mill it {millet ); hopping {hops) all the while, and crying, o 
live {olives) some time {timber) to eat figs, peaches, and mul¬ 
berries, and to weave flax and hemp. 

The lines {loins) of the tables, have the three common, and 
the three common 1 to these parts ; and to be a little uncom¬ 
mon, with asses and mules he would buy his son’s {bisons) 
goats and chamois; but Ma’am {Marmot) likes Beaver and 
some peculiar fish. 

With spectacles for coals, he can see lines {loins) of gold 
in them ; and to set Antitin quick, gets salt and alum, 
which are so white, he cries, o pale {opal). 

Around the loins, instead of gunpowder madeira, silk, 
stuff, or linen may be useful, trimmed with gold or silver 
lace, studded with plate and brass mirrors; but he cannot 
want stockings, porcelain, glass, or paper. 


k The Danube, the largest river in Europe.— Brookes. Danube. 

1 In Russia, Sweden, Norway, Prussia, and Germany are bears, 
wolves, and lynxes. 


I 



/ 



184 

n 

HOLLAND. 

Hollow land at the Deer's hack, will be a good place for a 
Conqueror's puncheon or a TuN. 

Hollow land, a place to lodge cotton mace iN. 

Hollow land, perhaps, has lost a piece, through the sun 
and star sieve, of its thick rind (Rhine). 

In Hollow land, their leeks must be fine, for they are fa¬ 
mous for culinary and horticultural products, and for Bac¬ 
chus (tobacco) dying (dying drugs) madder. 

In the tables, only one of the common on each side the 
hollow, with the stalk (storks) of a fish stuck up in the 
middle. 

In the Hollow land, a pity to bring gunpowder or ma- 
deira, for they line (linen) silk with woolly cotton, and 
damasks with leather and paper, fastened on with wax and 
starch, and put snuff in porcelain toys. 

FRANCE. 

Right thigh , in the Conqueror s puncheon in a NiCHe. 

On the right thigh, cotton mace necessary to controul the 
RoGue. 

Down as far as the thigh, through the sun and star sieve, 
a thick rind m . 

On the thigh, Taffy whips wine and oil from the roots of 
the apples and oranges, very nice fruits. 

Alphonsine tables on the thigh, enter the three common 
horns of Alpine, ibexes, and chamois, to bore (wild boars) 
wool (wolves). 

The spectacles can see , that the thigh with coal, is made 
blacker than a gipsy-(gypsum)-man (Manganese) playing 
quickly (quicksilver) at marbles, with precious stones and 
alum. 

The thigh being damaged (damasks) with gunpowdered 


m The same mentioned in Holland, 



185 



madeira, a meeting is called of the stationer n , mercer, and 
draper, who cannot think it hard-fare {hardware) to let her 
{leather) look at a porcelain image in plate glass, and lie in 
luxuries on salt petre and verdigrise, 

i 

SWITZERLAND. 

Sweet the left leg in Conqueror's puncheon, and give it a 

TuG. 

Switch the left leg with cotton mace : No. 

Switch the left leg through sun and star sieve, to get off 
the rind, {Rhine). 

Ta ffy switches his Russian whip well, for the choicest 
fruits and wines common. 

Switch the tables which three common ° wolves bear, 
with ibexes and chamois, eager and vulgar ma’am (eagle, 
vulture, and marmot). 

His wits are close with spectacles to rocks of salt and 
crystal, as beautiful as marble and precious stones. 

Gunpowder madeira seem to bewitch her, but let her {lea¬ 
ther) watch {ivatches) the cot on {cottons) a silk {silks) line, 
{linen). 

SPAIN. 

Grapes in Conqueror's puncheon To JuG. 

Grapes on cotton mace, a sign of PeaCe. 

Grapes in sun and star sieve; counting them might fa¬ 
tigue us, {Tagus). 

Though such a grape country, Taffy rolls oranges, le¬ 
mons, and citrons ; and as he prunes all mine {almonds) figs, 
finds, o live, {olives,) mulled berries, {mulberries,) greater 
amaze {maize) than saffroned corks for honeyed sugar. 


n Manufactures of France numerous, including the principal articles of 
the trades here mentioned. 

° The three common are horses, cattle, and sheep, these being plentiful 
in most kingdoms of Europe. 

2 B 


« 



186 


Instead of pigs to eat grapes on their tables, they have 
mules : but wolves all pine (alpine)for game fish. 

These grape people, with spectacles for coals, see gold 
quicker ( quicksilver ) than tin, to call mine ( calamine ) mar¬ 
bled (marble) alum, a rock of salt with a jet of amber. 

They are folks for grape shot more than for gunpowder 
madeira, and from their sheep they get a cloth mask (da¬ 
mask) to wear in the cot on (cotton) the silk line, (linen) ; and 
defend it with steel fire arms, being full of such hard ware 
as glass paper. 

PORTUGAL. 

Right red foot more like being in pipe than in puncheon , 
cold or HoT. 

Right red foot, for cotton mace ZaM. 

Right red foot, in sun and star sieve, might /atigue us^ 
(Tagus), 

Right red foot, on tables, shews inferior domestics. 

Right red foot, overlooked by spectacles, to see grapes p . 
Right red foot stirs up gunpowdered madeira ivith woollen 
paper in a glass hat. 

ITALY. 

Left foot, into Conqueror's puncheon, asked leave To 
Co Me. * 1 ( vr, 

Left foot, by a knock with cotton mace, made LaMe. 

Left foot in sun and star sieve, grazed of peau, (Po). 
Taffy's esculents (by a kick of left leg) have an amazing 
(maize) rise, (rice,) with live (olives) grapes and delicious 
fruits, to the cot on (cotton) the sugar. 

Left foot on the tables q , instead of a pig, a buffalo vexes 
(ibex) ma’am (marmot) and other alpine, and makes her a 
crested porcupine. 

■■ 1 ■ ' ■* „ 

p Vegetables and minerals of Portugal the same as those of Spain, the 
minerals neglected. 

<3 The three common : no pigs, but buffaloes. 

I 






187 


Through the spectacles on the left foot , gold, arsenic, and 
zinc, in a plum bag, {plumbago,) looks like such a curious 
marble as quick ( quicksilver) sulphured alum. 

Left foot in gunpowdered madeira, being damaged, is 
bound in silks, satins, and velvets; but such gold and silver 
stuffs are not so good for it as woollen cloths. 

TURKEY. 

Turkey dog in Conqueror spuncheon, the liquor To GiVe. 

Turkey dog nibbles the cotton mace, the marks are like 
those of aGe. 

Danube, chief of European rivers, flows around the loins 
of dog and deer. 

Turkey dog amazes {maize) Taffy's whip, with the rise 
{rice) of figs and live {olives) grapes, while he prunes deli¬ 
cious fruits of southern cot, {cotton,) and his man {manna) 
rubs {rhubarb) gum on saffron. 

Turkey dog barked at three common on tables; made 
mule go, {goats,) and came {camels) as if hieing {hyena) to 
a wild {wildboar) jack, {jackall). 

Turkey dogs wear spectacles to see his fur {sulphur) salt- 
petred with alum, till it sparkled like marbles and precious 
stones. 

/ 

/ 



> 





COUNTIES OF 


ENGLAND AND WALES. 


COUNTIES OF ENGLAND. 

It will be seen, by the figure for Great Britain, (Plate 8.) 
that for the Counties of England we adopt, as we have done 
for the four quarters of the world, the plan of giving re¬ 
ality to the objects which fancy may trace upon a map. By 
thus personifying a country, a complete locality and arrange¬ 
ment is given to its several parts ; and nothing more is re¬ 
quisite, than to connect the provinces, counties, &c. with 
those portions of the figure on which they fall. Vide the 
following description of John Bull. 

John Bull's red cap is now far north Humber r , and fall¬ 
ing over his right ear , like a great wad 8 must cumber. 

His hair powdered with Durham mustard, and to the 
right blowing, map waste mor^ ‘. 

His frill spreads like the wings of a lie-hawk u , being far 
from lank v . 

The sleeves of John Bull's coat made of linen, and his 
waistcoat not ; therefore he says, dear-buy Cheshire. 

His left hand with its 1 little Rut, seems less for a staff, 
than a shrub. 


r In the Saxon heptarchy, the kingdom of the Northumbrians extended 
southward to the Humber, and took its name from being north of that 
river; but the southern boundary of Northumberland is now far north from 
the Humber.— Brookes. Northumberland. 

s Wad or Black Lead, is found only in Cumberland. — Walker’s Geog. 
England. Mineral Productions. 

t Westmoreland. u Yorkshire. v Lancashire. 









Foldout Placeholder 


This foldout is being digitized and will be 
inserted at a future date. 














/ 


189 

The bull's tail includes two folks. 

Its thigh seems on the camber w for hunting x . 

He bends his tail like a crooked ess, because it is hurt. 

His bed is near him though near north. 

On John Bulls leg , the north war seems the worst error. 

And with a bucktwg* ox it is glossed, which has a mon¬ 
strous y mouth. 

The bulls hind leg is for a cafit, in the middle, sir; and 
its foot has much to sustain. 

Johnny's boots topped with Berkshire hams and Wiltshire 
bacon. 

Johnny's foot gets a somerset 2 in a bath of Dorsetshire 
ale. 

The bull's knee is a devotee : on his toe he has made his 
corn well, having plenty of minerals a . 

COUNTIES OF WALES. 

Wales forms the head of the bull, in the figure of John 
Bull mounted. 

The bull's horn grows out of a flinty den, and at the tip 
is a lofty corn b . 

The other horn is a fine c spot,/or a druid d to angle a sea. 


w Cambridge is situated on the river Cam. 

x The upland part of Huntingdonshire was, anciently, a forest pecu¬ 
liarly adapted for hunting.— Brookes. Huntingdonshire. 

y The Severn is like a large mouth, south of Monmouthshire, 
z Or Somersault. Bath is in Somersetshire. 
a Cornwall derives its chief importance from its minerals. 

By comparing the associations with the figure, they will be found to 
refer to all the counties of England; and it will be seen that a sentence 
includes a few contiguous counties, generally in the enumeration pro¬ 
ceeding from east to west: as, he bends his tail, like a crooked ess, 
because it is hurt, refers to Essex and Herts, or Hertfordshire. 

fa The lofty Snowdon is in Caernarvonshire : and cornua is the Latin for 
a horn. 

c Beaumaris, the chief town of Anglesea. 

d In Anglesea was the principal seminary of the Druids.— Walker’s 
Geography, England. Principality of Wales. Bigland's View of the World, 



190 


His forehead is a merry mount. 

His nose and eye the card read. 

His nostril calms well a break knock, ivithout clamour. 
Johnny's right foot is like that of a Pembroke table. 

It will facilitate the acquisition of the knowledge of the 
chief towns of the respective counties, to notice the fol- 


lowing sixteen of the forty in 

England, and three of the 

twelve in Wales: the 

others 

correspond so much that 

they may be considered 

as known: as Durham, Durham ; 

Yorkshire, York; Lancashire, Lancaster, &c. 

Counties. 


Towns. 

Northumberland 


Newcastle 

Cumberland 


Carlisle 

Westmoreland 


Appleby 

Salop 


Shrewsbury 

Rutland 


Oakham 

Suffolk 


Ipswich 

Essex 


Chelmsford 

Somerset 


Bath 

Wilts 

- 

Salisbury 

Berks 


Reading 

Cornwall 


Launceston 

Hants 


Winchester 

Surrey 


Guildford 

> Sussex 


Chichester 

Kent 


Maidstone 

Devon 

% 

Exeter 

Merioneth 


Bala 

Glamorgan 


Cardiff 

Anglesea 


Beaumaris 


\ 


> 


SYSTEMATIC 


TABLES. 


-IN most sciences, and trades, general tables are useful: aiid 
Mnemonics are more adapted to fix a series or table, than 
single or isolated objects. We give an example, with 

HAUY’S MINERALOGICAL TABLE. 

\ 

The characters of Minerals are of three kinds, Physical , 
Geometrical , and Chemical . 

i. IJfiBStcal Characters. 

I. GENERAL. 

j. Specific Gravity, (according to the Hydrostatic 
balance of Nicholson.) 

2. Cohesion. 

1. In Solids is proved: 

I. By friction with a File. 

i Yielding. 

ii Not yielding. 

ii. By rubbing the angular parts of one mineral 
against the angular parts of another mineral, 
in. By Percussion with a hammer. 

i Difficult to be broken. 

ii Brittle. 

in Crumbling. „ 

iv. By a Steel. 

i Giving Fire. 

ii Not giving Fire. 




192 


Physical characters, continued. 

v. By flexion or pressure. 

i Simply Flexible. 

ii Elastic. 

Hi Ductile, 
i v Soft. 

1. In its own nature. 

2. Having imbibed a fluid. 

vi. By the force of Traction. 

2. Liquids (yielding with the slightest pressure.) 

i. By moistening the hand. 

ii. By not moistening it. 

II. PARTICULAR. (As found by the senses.) 

1. Impression upon the Tongue. 

i. By Taste . 

i Salt. 

ii Astringent. 

Hi Sweetish. 

iv Pungent. 

v Bitter. 

vi Urinous. 

ii. By adhesion . 

2. Feeling. 

i. Unctuous and greasy. 

ii. Smooth , but not greasy . 
hi. Harsh. 

3. Smell. 

i. By Breathing. 

ii. By Rubbing. 
in. By Heating. 

i Aliaceous, or garlic-like. 

ii Bituminous. 

iii Sulphureous. 




I 


193 

Physical characters, continued. 

4. Sound. 

i. By Percussion. 

ii. By Bending. 

5. Light. 

i. By Reflexion , (producing Colour.) 

i Colours of the mass. 

1. In their species. 

2. In their distribution. 

i Uniform. 

ii Variegated . 

1. In stripes. 

2. In spots. 

3. In their Action. 

1. By change of colour. 

2. By reflex irises. 

ii Colours of the Streak. 

1. Similar. 

2. Dissimilar. 

iii Colours of the Powder. 

1. Similar. 

2. Dissimilar. 

(Producing Lustre.) 

i Brilliant. 

ii Dull. 

iii Greasy. 

iv Silky. 

v Pearly. 

vi Metallic. 

vii Pseudo-Metallic. 
ii. By Refraction. 

(Transparency.) 

1. Limpid. 

2. Transparent but coloured. 

3. Translucid. 

2 c 



194 

Physical characters, continued. 

4. Opaque. 

HI. By Phosphorescence. 


i By heating. 

ii By rubbing. 


6. Electricity. 

1. Passive. 

i By communication. 

ii By rubbing. 

1. Vitreous. 

\ 

2. Resinous. 

Hi By heating. 


(Vitreous on one side, and resinous on the 
other.) 


ii. Active . 

i Vitreous. 

ii Resinous. 

iii Neither vitreous nor resinous. 

• - ■'"j. 

7. Magnetism. 

i. Simple. 

ii. Polar. 


ii. ©eometitcal ©ftaratterg. 

I. FORM. 


1. Determinable. 

i. Elementary. 

ii. Secondary. 

2. Indeterminable. 

i. By rounding off the surfaces and angles. 

ii. Striated and rough. 

iii. Amorphous bodies, (i. e. bodies of an irregu¬ 



lar form. 


1 


195 


Geometrical characters, continued. 

3. Imitative. 

i. Bodies formed by concretion. 

' 11 . Pseudomorplious bodies, (i. e. such as have as¬ 

sumed the form of another body, for which 
they are substituted.) 

II. STRUCTURE. 

1. Laminated. 

2. Lamellated. 

3. Stratiform. 

4. Foliated. 

5. Fibrous. 

t With parallel fibres. 
ii With radiated fibres. 

6. Granulated. 

7. Compact. 

8. Cellular. 

* 

III. FRACTURE. 

1. Directions. 

I. Longitudinal. 

II. Transverse, 
in. Indeterminate. 

2. Varieties. 

i. Conchoidal. 

ii. Smooth. 

Hi. Rough. 

iv. Scaly. 

v. Articulated. 

hi. ©fmnical CIDatacter?. 

I. BY FIRE. 

1. With Straw, 
i. Fusibility. 


196 


* 



\ 


Chemical characters, continued. 

II. The result of Fusion. 

% * 

nt. The Reduction of metallic Substances. 

2. With red-hot Coals. 

I. Volatility, 
ii. Detonation. 
hi. Decrepitation. 

iv. Ebullition. 

\ 

/ \ 

I. BY ACIDS, (and in particular by the Nitric Acid.) 

1. Dissolution with effervescence. 

2. Dissolution without effervescence. 

3. Reduction into jelly. 

III. BY ALKALIES. 

1. Dissolution of Copper by Ammonia, form¬ 

ing a beautiful blue Colour. 

2. The Vapour of sulphuretted Ammonia, 

blackening the Carbonate of Lead. 

- \ , r/fcJ . 

• * , / 

In fixing the above table, as the characters of minerals 

are divided into Physical, Geometrical, and Chemical; the 
Physical into general, and particular; the Geometrical into 
form, structure, and fracture ; and the Chemical into those 
proved by fire, by acids, and by alkalies ; and these divisions 
are subdivided, the three principal divisions, Physical, Geo¬ 
metrical, and Chemical, are easily remembered, and we 
may begin with the divisions of the Physical. We employ 
for this Minerological Table, the Symbols of the Second 
Room. 

The first subdivisions, already named, are eight in num¬ 
ber: two belonging to the Physical; three to the Geometri¬ 
cal ; and three to the Chemical characters. If we were to 
take eight walls for these, the divisions of them would not 
occupy all the symbols in the different walls, and, in some, 
they would only employ a few: we, therefore, keep to the 




197 


fifty symbols, and let the eight subdivisions, with which we 
commence, fall where they may, and we then form a narrative 
to connect them together. 

We begin with Symbol 51 for the general Physical cha¬ 
racters, and, as there are eight of them, we pass over eight 
symbols and use symbol 60 for the particular; of which there 
are 7, we therefore use symbol 68 for form, one of the Geo¬ 
metrical characters. Thus we proceed through the eight 
subdivisions, and join them by some history : as, the general 
of Zion had particular obligations to the emperors or heads, 
and formed images, &c. 

For the next subdivisions, with which the intermediate sym¬ 
bols are to be engaged, it will be observed that the general 
physical characters are divided into specific gravity and 
cohesion : of the former there are no minor branches, they 
may, therefore, with great propriety, be both united in sym¬ 
bol 52: Adrian’s blow was of great specific gravity , and 
the silk was as tough as cohesion itself. The divisions of co¬ 
hesion will fall on the succeeding symbols : sighs or septu- 
agint was a solid book to file through, and the bribes quad¬ 
ruple to have the angles rubbed together, &c. &c. And 
in Symbol 59, the bow, or Venice, had just so much liquor, 
that it was moist or not . 

Those who have any acquaintance with Mineralogy, will 
not wish every minor division to be connected with the sym¬ 
bols. Those above proposed, will be sufficient, and enable 
the student easily to recall the others. To go further, 
would, perhaps, be detrimental. 


POETRY. 


VERSE is one of the greatest helps to memory, we have 
endeavoured to avail ourselves of it in Chronology, &c. and 
it may be advantageously used in any of the sciences. On 
the principle of "association the figures employed in poetry, 
together, with the accent, measure, and rhyme, rivet it in 
the mind, but for a piece of considerable length we may 
call in other memorial aid. This may be done by select¬ 
ing the principal image or idea from each stanza, verse, or 
portion of the poem, and connecting those images or ideas 
with a series of the symbols. We give an example in Cow- 
per’s Poem “ On Friendshipthe two first verses are, 

“ What virtue can we name or grace, 

“ But men, unqualified and base, 

“ Will boast it their possession : 

“ Profusion apes the noble part 
“ Of liberality of heart, 

“ And dullness of discretion. 

“ But as the gem of richest cost 

# ^ 
“ Is ever counterfeited most, 

“ So always imitation 

“ Employs the utmost skill she can, 

“ To counterfeit the faithful man ; 

“ The friend of long duration.” 

The poem may be fixed in the following manner: the 
thirty-one verses of which it consists, with the first thirty- 
one symbols, and each verse may be recalled to memory 
by its association with its symbol, thus: 




I 


199 

Enos, for “what virtue, pray you?”—In the list more 
fathers, and “ the gem of 'richest cost.”—Mahalaleel will 
“ pronounce me too severe.”-—Jared’s “youth unadmonish- 
ed by a guide.”—Enoch rising, and “ here again a danger 
lies.”—Methusaleh’s age “an acquisition rather rare.”— 
Lamech’s pipe is not a sign of “ friendship” that “ will abide 
the test.”—Noah was “ himself well furnished for the part.’’ 
—Gopher trees between “ fretful tempers will divide.”— 
Talking fifes “ in vain’’ “ unite.”—Shem’s line “ envy” might 
“ creep in.”—“Jealousy's” observations.—Belus might say^ 
“ hence authors of illustrious name.”— A glove is the subject 
of a “ renowned” “ repartee.”—“ Beware of” a tattling 
chatter-box.—Fighting thunderbolts for “ a joco-serious 
play of wits.”—Freaking crook for “ some fickle creatures.” 
—Flood of chains might “ make some unseasonably deaf 
and dumb.”— In a generation of mushrooms “ the great and 
small' not “ rarely meet.”— In the stern areopagus bush 
“ courtier and patriot can not mix.”—Joshua’s “ religion 
should extinguish strife.”—Refer to laws for Ceres “ to 
prove, alas ! my main intent.”—By Eglon, “judge then be¬ 
fore you choose your man.”— In soft fleecy letters write, “ ’tis 
not timber, stone, and lead.”—Among the town’s Hercula- 
nean there was “ similarity of mind.”— In Jepthah’s navy, 
“ the man who hails you, Tom or Jack.”—Compass of Saul, 
to steer by; “some friends make this their prudent plan.” 
—Get crutches for those w ho “ whisper trivial things and 
small.”—Solomon's fleet brought these samples; but, “ alas! 
at last, these are but samples and a taste.”—The code of a 
kingdom required “ a disciplined and furnished mind.”— 
Jewish kings and sceptre, appear in “ true friendship” with 
“ grace.” 


I 


I 


PROS E. 


Methods similar to those proposed for Poetry may be 
adopted for prose. 

The divisions, or leading ideas of the piece, sermon, &c. 
should be attached to the symbols, or the different parts of 
the room, house, church, &c. 

The Natural Connection of the topics in a dis¬ 
course, &c. will sometimes form the best memorial chain. 
Take for instance the Reverend Geo. Clayton’s Missionary 
Sermon, delivered at Surrey Chapel, in May, 1821. The 
text is Ephes. ii. part of the 11th and 12th verses, “Where¬ 
fore remember that at that time ye were without Christ.” 

The preacher considers, 

• / 

I. The mournful condition which the text describes, “ Ye 
were without Christ.” He traces the bearing and influence 
of this mournful deficiency upon the nature of man. 1. 
With reference to his understanding.—2. As it alfects his 
conscience.—3. His character.—4. His happiness.—5. Its 
operation on the civil and religious institutions of human 
society.—6. The relation of the subject to the immortal 
destiny of man. 

II. The duty of cherishing a distinct and constant remem¬ 
brance of this. 1. The light of reason and the custom of 
mankind approve it.—2. The express direction of Holy 
Scripture.—‘3. The impulse of good feeling in every mind 
that is rightly constituted. 

III. The practical effects which should flow from such 




201 




\ 

remembrance. 1. Tlie recollection should be productive of 
deep humiliation.—2. It should excite sentiments of the 
liveliest gratitude for the happy change which has taken 
place.—3. It should endear to us our native land,—4. It 
should engage us to demean ourselves in a manner answer- 
able to the great change which has taken place.—5. It 
should excite the tenderest compassion for those nations who 
are yet without Christ.— Finally. This recollection will 
supply the most ample justification of Missionary efforts. 

Assistance will be found, in committing the above outline 
to memory, by tracing the natural connection of its topics 
in the following manner : 

Observe, that there is an evident connection between the 
three principal heads: a mournful condition—remembered 
—with practical effects a . 

Observe b , that, under the first head, the preacher com¬ 
mences with man’s understanding, dives to his conscience, 
then, gradually, expands to his character, to his happiness 
in this life, to civil and religious institutions, and to the im¬ 
mortal state. 

Observe, that, under the second head, we have—1. The 
feebler light of nature— 2. The stronger of revelation, and 
— 3. Both united in the well constituted mind. 

Observe, that, under the third head, we are—1. Prostrat¬ 
ed in humility—2. Taught to look up in gratitude—3. To 
look around on our country—4. To ask how wc should act 
in it—5. To extend our thoughts to foreign climes, and—~ 
6. To justify efforts for them. 


a The three heads may be combined in one sentence, a mournful con¬ 
dition remembered with practical effects. 

b While making these observations, let the imagination realize, in a 
vivid manner, a man, and the preacher directing the attention first to 
(what we may term) his interior, then to his exterior, Scc. 

2 D 




202 


» 


The methods by which prose heard or read can be com¬ 
mitted to memory, will aid the speaker in preserving in 
his mind the topics of the discourse he intends to de¬ 
liver. 

Persons addressing audiences will find the utility of Mne¬ 
monics ; but we by no means recommend committing to me¬ 
mory the whole or principal part of that which is to be deli¬ 
vered, or in general an extensive use of notes, though parti¬ 
cular occasions may be exceptions. In the diversity of human 
intellect and gifts a universal rule cannot be prescribed, but 
in general we may observe, that if the orator be master of 
his science or subject, and possess ability, he will discourse 
on it with more pleasure to himself and advantage to his 
audience from the stores of his mind, than by premeditating 
the whole of his address. Let the Minister of the Gospel 
study the Holy Scriptures, feel his responsibility, the solem¬ 
nities and approach of eternity, visit the afflicted, be exercised 
in the trials and consolations of the Christian, depend upon 
and implore the influences of the Holy Spirit, stand as 
the ambassador of Christ, and he will not need the baneful 
plan of furnishing himself with a lesson to repeat by rote. 
If Ministers “give themselves wholly to meditation,” per¬ 
severe in prayer and early rising, (how otherwise can they 
be faithful stewards,) they will redeem time for private 
study, and also abound in public labors ; not, (when they 
should be among the flock,) pursuing the chilling intricacies 
of learning till but little energy remains for real usefulness ; 
attentive to their own personal religion and that of their 
charge, they will grow in the knowledge and image of Christ, 
their profiting will appear to all, and without fettering 
their spirits with the labored preparation of every discourse, 
or burdening the memory verbatim with what is professedly 
extempore, they will speak heavenly mysteries felt and known, 
with sacred unction and holy fluency. 


LANGUAGES. 


io acquire languages considerable application is neces¬ 
sary : we do not propose plans to supersede labor, but such 
as will materially assist the student. Where much exertion 
is requisite, every help is valuable. 

Frequently in studying a language, so much time is occu¬ 
pied in the dry work of learning the Rules of Grammar, 
that before it is accomplished something else engages the 
mind, the grammar is discarded or suspended, and the ob¬ 
ject, a knowledge of the language, is not attained. If after 
some time the endeavour to obtain it be renewed, there is 
almost the same ground to traverse again, and if the at¬ 
tempt be not renewed, that which has been done turns to 
no account. 

Some go to the opposite extreme, attempting to learn a 

i 

language merely by translating or practice; but the know¬ 
ledge thus acquired must be imperfect. As there are use¬ 
ful general rules on this subject, it is far better to attend to 
those rules and their principles, collected in simple and per¬ 
spicuous grammars, than perpetually to need correcting. 

Avoiding then the two extremes to which we have alluded, 
let th e principal attention be directed not to the grammar, 
(which may be dispensed with,) but to the materials of a 
tongue, (which are indispensable,) combining progress in 
both. By practice, in learning the words of a language 
and using them in sentences, we may unconsciously acquire 
a tolerable method of speaking or writing in it, or, in other 
words, to a certain extent its grammar. Nature teaches 




204 



languages by practice, art aids and improves her instruc¬ 
tions : the student does well to follow this course by frequent 
exercise in translating, speaking, and learning words and 
sentences, and connecting with this exercise the considera¬ 
tion of rules for correct method. We should avail ourselves 
of the assistance of grammarians, but while they differ most 
widely in their terms, arrangements, &c. we should not 
implicitly receive their directions for the essential princi¬ 
ples of language. By seizing those principles, by judicious 
arrangement of useful rules, and by rejecting a superfluous 
train, grammar, the philologist’s Chimborazzo, or Dhawalagiri, 
shrinks to a gently swelling mount. 

Language is a medium of conveying thoughts. It con¬ 
sists of words, their changes, combination, and arrangement. 
Words, their changes, &c. are the topics of grammar, the 
statement of them occupies a large portion of the works on 
this subject; these observations apply to languages in gene¬ 
ral if not universally, for there is a great affinity in the mo¬ 
dification of them, and there prevails in them a regard to 
eligibility and convenience of pronunciation. * 

The affinity may not at first be obvious between the modi¬ 
fication of those languages in which the changes of the verb 
are frequently made by auxiliaries, and those in which they 
are made by different terminations of the verb itself; but a 
closer examination will convince that these terminations 
were originally similar to the auxiliaries, and that there is 
no material difference between the modifications—I love, I 
have loved, I loved, I shall love; and am-o , ama-bam, 
ama-vi, ama-bo; as appears when placed thus: 


am-o, 

ama-bam, 

ama-vi, 

ama-bo, 


love-1, 

love-d-have-I, 
love- d-1. 
love-will-1*. 


a “ Were we, instead of quoth I, quoth he, to say I quoth I, he quoth he, 



205 


•$ 

To give an instance of euphonic termination, or regard to 
convenience of pronunciation, “ the radicals a and V imme¬ 
diately preceding o, e, or a, naturally coalesce with or dis¬ 
appear from before those letters, as iu am-o for ama-o, am- 
em for ama-em, reg-b for rege-o, rtg-am for reg't-am; V 
seems commutable with u, in reg-unt for regb-unt; on the 
contrary, the radical i occasionally assumes e, i, or u; thus 
audi-unty for audi-nt; aiidi-ebaniy for aud-zbam, and all the 
radical finals become long or short, regulated by position 
only. b ” 

Agreeably to these principles, tables may be formed 
exhibiting in a comprehensive manner the terminations 
of the nouns, verbs, &c.: we shall endeavour to present 
some; it will be well to compare them with more elabo¬ 
rate rules in grammars, that exceptions may be observed, 
and a few useful points which could not be brought into the 
tables, but are rendered easy to acquire by being separated 
from the general mass and by being so reduced in number ; 
and also that the nature and manner of significant, eupho¬ 
nic changes, &c. may be traced; which will both lead to a 
more perfect knowledge of a language, and impress its de¬ 
clensions, &c. on the memory by the best (that which we 
have called rational) association, and will, in many instances, 
instead of learning with difficulty, enable to construct and 
give the proper modifications of w'ords. 

In the following table of the terminations of the Latin de¬ 
clensions, the nominative singular is considered various , the 
vocative is omitted, being the same as the nominative, and 
the ablative plural being the same as the dative plural; the 
accusative singular is sometimes um. 


it would be truly absurd; though exactly on a par with ego ai-o, tile ai-t; 
or, our English, thou love-st, he love-th, fyc.” See Dr. Gilchrist’s Essay on 
the Formation of Latin Verbs, prefixed to the Parent’s Latin Grammar. 
The Essay will amply repay the attention of the student. 
b Dr. Gilchrist’s Essay. 



206 


TERMINATIONS OF THE LATIN DECLENSIONS. 



It will be seen by the following tables, that we have ventur¬ 
ed to deviate from terms, &c. received for ages, adopting 
those which appear to us more natural and just, and easier 
to recollect d . 


c Inserted. d We conjugate as follows : 

DONNER, TO GIVE . 

Indicative. Subjunctive. 

Present. . 

Je donne, I give. | que Je donne, 1 may give. 

Past and reference to Present. 

Je donnois, I have given. | que J’aie donn6 ,1 may have given. 

Past. 

Je donnai, I gave; tu donnas, &c. | que Je donnasse, I might give. 

Past, at a Past Time. 

J’eus donn6, I had given | que J’eusse donn£, I might have 

given. 

Future. 

Je donnerai, I shall give. | Je donnerois, I should give. 

At a Future Time, Past. 

J’aurai donne, I shall have given. | J’aurois donne, I should have 

given. 












TABLE OF THE LATIN CONJUGATIONS. 

ACTIVE. 


207 



{3 co 

r; 

a ^ 
o <u 
w > 

s*§ 
s § 
^ s 


-v r 
e 3 


C/3 

<3 

-*-> 

G 

0> 

C/3 


Pi 

Ctf 

^ 1? 
3 gp 

~'ts 

s g 

o 

03 
C/3 


03 CJ 

S '*-* 

^ C/3 


2 « 
0) .> 
-c <3 

* J rt 
v 


<U .5 <42 

t-. ~ 

Pht3 


qj co 
ctf 


Oh 

03 

> 


cl g ? 

o •’- b 0 

£ O £ 
cti ^3 
be 4 -' 

5. a) <v 
-c 


^cs 
3 C 


G 03 
O 


a- 

03 

O 


O ^ P- x 
«- 

Ci be_ _ M 

a r3 

.S <2 

*- ci 

Oh _ 


<D 

AS 


ci 

Q- 
O a> 

«-> • r* 

bC £ ~ 

C5 c_ 

.2 a 0 
<u "r* C 
hQ co bo 

* fc CO 

f-'£ <1) 
,ea AS 
bo 4 -* 

•» ’I 5 rJ 
gse • 

■a c .: 

to • rH 

J 




•s -O . £ 
,g g e cu 
<c g « 

3 O f~ c 
" s> s> <3 

2 a> <» t* 

£ 43 ,“ o 
H h S ft, 

u w. TJ ._ 
(3 
ci 


The Passive varies from the active in little more than 
the change of the infinitive re to ri, the addition of r or 
mini to the persons, and the use of the participle lus, 
sum, &c. It will be advisable for the student to insert the 
signs of the passive in the above table. 

































FRENCH CONJUGATIONS. 



<£> 

O 

<N 

d. 

a 

o 


ci 

to 

*5* 

o 

V 

<D 

O) 

w 

cT 


3 

"T3 

l—* 

O 

£ 


* E 


Learners should avail themselves of such tables as Park- 
hurst’s sheet for the Hebrew, which exhibit at one view, 
with local arrangement, the essential principles of a lan¬ 
guage. 

The student’s labor should be abridged by interlineary 
























/ 


209 

and literal translations, by sparing his reference to the die- 
tionary, and by his being taught orally. The translations 
adopted should be strictly literal, and shew the one primary 
idea of each word. As much as possible the corresponding 
words should be used, which will be remembered without 
effort. In elementary works (neglecting this method) such 
translations as the following are given : 

Bref, brief, is translated “ short.” 

Ancien, ancient ,-“ old.” 

Gentil, genteel ,- “ pretty.” 

&c. &c. 

Ideal association assists the memory, (especially in He¬ 
brew, on account of the significancy of the words,) by notic¬ 
ing the principal idea of each root, which shews the reason 
of the various applications of the word, as n3D, signifies 
face, because the face turns , the leading idea of that root 
being “ to turn it likewise signifies a wheel which “turns/ 
and an angle where a wall “ turns m .” On the same principle, 
etymology (on the plan of the “ Student’s Manual,”) im¬ 
parts knowledge and enriches the mind, instead of laying 
a burden on the memory. 

In the use of the Hebrew serviles, those which form nouns; 
and, whether by being prefixed, inserted, or post-fixed, may 
be known by the following lines; in which the arrangement 
of the serviles in Parkhurst’s “ One Sheet View,” is pre¬ 
served by the symbols, thus, 

The noun Enos has his X in front to his mind, 

But Mahalaleel’s n will keep always behind; 


m The necessity of attending to the analogical meaning of words trans¬ 
lated, and of tracing it in each instance to the primary idea, has been re¬ 
cently adverted to in the Lectures of Mr. Black, teacher of the “ Paido- 
philean System.” 

2 E 


\ 



210 


Jared 1 will insert, and then put at his hack: 

Enoch’s * on the top, and the midst of his pack : 

Noah’s the jirst member of quite a new race. 

And his gopher, a 3, by the shape of her face; 

And to finish, without any stigma of sloth, 

Good Shem’s line, and the tower, shall have D on them 
both. 

The Latin prepositions, with their government, are given 
in Dr. Pye Smith’s Grammar, in hexameter verses. 

The derivation of one language from another, and the con¬ 
sequent resemblance of many to each other, may be turned to 
good account by comparing the words, their changes, &c. in 
several languages. The corresponding words in two or more 
languages, will rather confirm and facilitate recollection than 
prove an additional task. By practice (Nature’s mode of 
teaching languages,) it will be found that a person possess¬ 
ing a tolerable knowledge of Latin and French, can (with¬ 
out either dictionary or grammar) read and understand a 
Spanish book ; at first going over each paragraph a few times: 
words which he does not understand at the first perusal will 
be gradually explained by their connection. This is one 
expedient by which a child learns with such amazing facility 
its mother tongue, explanation by connection. 

“ Words derived from other tongues are frequently chang¬ 
ed, agreeably to the genius of that into which they are 
adopted : for instance, the substitution of a labial for an as¬ 
pirate, or guttural, or diphthong, forms a general principle 
which pervades the Latin tongue in its formation from the 
Greek: hence, vicus , a village, from olkoq ; vinum , wine, 
from otvoc; ovis , a sheep, from oig, &c n .” 


n Dr. Rees’s Cyclopedia. 



T R A I) E. 


iVl ET HOD, correct accounts, and written memorandums 
are of the greatest importance in business. Method is an 
important aid to memory; extensive concerns could not be 
conducted without it; and perhaps there is not to be found 
that humble individual who never adopts it. In every cot¬ 
tage there are certain places for certain things; and we have 
seen the vessel set in the middle of the floor in the farmer’s 
kitchen, that the goslings’ meal might not be forgotten. Ar¬ 
ticles may be connected with the symbols. It may some- 
times be desirable to employ them, when the memorandum 
book, &c. is not at hand. We have found it so, in securing 
subjects which have occurred to the mind, while travelling 
by night. Rational association will be found of great uti¬ 
lity. A connection may be made among several articles 
or affairs. If a person has to recollect salt, corn, brushes, 
meat, cloth, and books, he may say, “ salt the corn, brush 
the meat with a cloth book.” By numbering or counting the 
objects of attention, we adopt rational association; “ at such 
a place I have four matters to arrange, at such a time I 
have five.'’ 

In the common affairs of life, there are few persons who 
do not occasionally employ some of the expedients we have 
named. Calling on a respected friend, and just about to 
ting his bell, we perceived his number was ting-, (129,) and 
never forgot it afterwards. 



GENERAL OBSERVATIONS- 


ASSOCIATION being the grand expedient tor assisting 
memory, it may be adopted in various ways. It is a law in 
the human mind, the impression of the Almighty, and fully 
to perceive its efficacy is equivalent to receiving a new men¬ 
tal power. Necessity will dictate the method of its appli¬ 
cation, and its utility extends to every subject which can 
engage the attention. Let the individual then, wishing to 
impress certain things on his memory, consider how he can 
employ association for the purpose, or what will be the best 
expedient to assist recollection ; and his mind will soon sug¬ 
gest efficacious expedients and contrivances. 

To learn the names and order op the books of 
scripture, we may connect them with the symbols, or, as 
we remember things by associating or linking them together, 
they may be united in this manner, as. Genesis is the begin¬ 
ning; Exodus, the going forth; in Leviticus are the Levi- 
tical laws; in Numbers, is the numbering of the people; in 
Deuteronomy, the repetition. We may say, “ In Genesis 
things come in, in Exodus they go out with the Levites, 
whose numbers are repeated .” Proceeding thus with the 
remaining books, the whole chain will be as easy to secure 
as a few links. 

To acquire the respective subjects of a series 
of chapters, the association for the number may be 
found in the chapter ; thus, in Genesis, (passing the first 
four chapters which speak of the creation, the sabbath, the 
fall, the death of Abel:)—Chapter 5 is the book of the ge- 




% 


\ 


213 

nerations or liVes of Adam, Seth, &e.—6, the Daughters 
of men taken by the sous of God— 7, clean beasts by se- 
veiis —8, Smelled a Sweet Savour—9, the Grant of 
animal food: the bow Given—10, (the convenient number 
for multiplying) the generations of Noah—11, the builders 
of Babel often said LeT us— 12, the LaNd of Canaan pro¬ 
mised— 13, Abram and Lot's parting TiMe— 14, the battle 
of four kings with five in the fourteenth year of Cliedor- 
laomer— 15, five LiVe creatures used for the sign— 10, 
Hagar fLeD from Sarah— 17, He that is born in ThY house 
and he that is bought with ThY money shall be circum¬ 
cised— 18 and 19, LoT, Sodom, and Gomorrah— 20, NoW 
therefore restore— 21, the son of the bondwoman shall NoT 
— 22, a ram caught by his hoRNs— 23, the silver which he 
had NaMed— 24, RebekaH— 25, the elder shall seRVe— 
26, he feaReD— 27, savouRY— 28, Jacob RoSe— 29, 
shouldest thou therefore serve me for NouGht— 30, send 
Me aWay— 31, Jacob had pitched his tent in the MounT— 
32, power with God and with MeN— 33, Esau ran to Meet 
hiM— 34, MaKe ye marriages— 35, Rachel and Isaac’s last 
MoVe— 36, MiDian in the field of MoaB— 37 to 50, the 
history of Joseph, who said, MY sheaf arose. 

We have repeatedly alluded to the importance of Ar¬ 
rangement, as giving regularity and facility to sub¬ 
jects, which, without it, would be confusion and perplexity. 
By proper natural arrangement a subject is involuntarily 
remembered, it presents itself to the mind with its various 
appurtenances. Dr. Collyer, in his lecture on the Passage 
through the Red Sea, speaks of that miracle and its atten¬ 
dant circumstances in this order: 

1. Miracles preparatory to the departure from Egypt. 

2. The miraculous passage of the Red Sea. 

3. The miracles subsequent to this event, and attending 
the journey through the wilderness. 

3 


/ 




214 


The passage through the Red Sea brings to mind the 
other miracles as connected with it, and in the or del in 
which the able lecturer treats of them. 

In the following hymn the order is so beautiful, that the 
perusal of the verses, once or twice, by a person who 
realises the scene, can scarcely fail to impress it on his mind 
and fix the piece in his memory: 

“ See ! the bright monarch of the day 
“ In ocean dips his beams; 

“ While from his brow a parting ray 
“ With milder glory streams. 

“ The moon, pale empress of the night, 

“In sweet succession reigns, 

“ And finely paints with silver light 
“ The mountains, vales, and plains. 

“ The planets in progression rise, 

“ And shine from pole to pole: 

“ Their pleasing course delights our eyes, 

“ And charms th’ attentive soul. 

“ The starry arch in grandeur glows 
“ Through all its ample round : 

“ Great God! thy power no limit knows ; 

“ Thy wisdom knows no bound.” 

A composition is rendered perspicuous and more easy to 
remember by proper divisions, but they shculd not be too 
numerous or complicated. It is not in general necessary to 
retain all the illustrations, &c. of an author or speaker, but 
the principal topics and heads. We should recur to them 
while hearing a discourse, although by so doing we lose 
some elucidations and subordinate observations. 

In reading a book, we may mark in the margin, principal 
points and passages, that they may be afterwards referred 
to, and that they may be regarded in a second perusal. Par- 


t 


215 


ft 


< 


ticular attention should be given to the summaries of books. 
It will frequently be found less difficult to obtain a compre¬ 
hensive view of an entire work or science, than a knowledge 
of a few unconnected parts of it; while the general knowledge 
illuminates the minor branches. In seeking a certain spot 
in any region, how superior the facility of the person well 
acquainted with the country in general, to that of the indi¬ 
vidual altogether in an unknown land. These subjects are 
more fully discussed in Dr. Watts’s “ Improvement of the 
Mind.” 

The sententious poem, the “ Night Thoughts,” is per¬ 
fectly erratic ; yet from it arises a proof of the efficacy of 
every species of association, that by observing the erratic 
nature of the poem, we are aided in committing it to me¬ 
mory. The author continually enlarges upon a word, or 
idea, as it occurs; therefore the first conducts to the se¬ 
cond, the second to the third, &c. 

“ Tir’d nature’s sweet restorer, balmy sleep! 

“ lie, like the world,” &c. 

The following lines refer to an idea in the preceding: 

“ From short (as usual) and disturb’d repose 
“ I wake : how happy they that wake no more !” 

The following refer to the preceding: 

“ I wake, emerging from a sea of dreams 
“ Tumultuous, &c.” 

Reading audibly in his studies was the practice of that 
youth of vast attainments, William Durant; this practice is 
especially advantageous in learning languages. In our 
tables of declensions, &c. may be adopted the mode so use¬ 
ful in the Infant Schools, of singing or chiming to cheerful or 
whimsical metre, thus, o-ba-vi-veram-bo-bis-am-es. 


216 


The Infant Schools exemplify the effect of good method 
in communicating instruction. By Pictorial Repre¬ 
sentation, by objects exhibited to the eye, by explaining 
to the understanding, by questions which ascertain the ad¬ 
vance of the pupils in knowledge, by doing all in a manner 
which turns the task into a pleasure, great progress is made 
with these very juvenile bands. In Theron and Aspasio, 
Dialogue 6, several events in history are agreeably repre¬ 
sented as told in “ the language of the pencil/’ Numerous 
works are now composed for the young on this engaging 
plan. 

Youth is man's favorable and lovely seed-time. In it 
there is an aptness to receive the germ of knowledge, and 
every facility to its expansion and increase. The mind, in 
this season of life, is free from those multifarious concerns 
which in more advanced years crowd upon it, and, almost 
irresistibly, engross its powers a . 

Things may be impressed on the memory by Writing 
them; this might be one reason of the command to the 
King over the children of Israel: Deut xvii. 18. “ And it 
shall be, when he sitteth upon the throne of his kingdom, 
he shall write him a copy of this law in a book.” 

We should learn well what we take in hand ; things 
imperfectly learnt are soon lost, or soon become con¬ 
fused in the mind. No good object is obtained without 
exertion; but it is much more easy to pursue a theme while 
upon the mind, and (we may say) upon the tongue, than re¬ 
peatedly to relinquish and renew the effort. 

Association applied is Contrivance to aid memory, 
by our extensive use and recommendation of it we com- 


a “ II arrive ordinairement que les vieillards parlent du terns passe, et 
qu’ils se souviennent des faits qui les frapperent dans leur jeunesse, au 
lieu que les faits recens ne laissent aucune trace dans leur memoire; il ar¬ 
rive aussi que les anciennes idees roulent continuellement dans leur ame.” 
Saurin. Premier Sermon sur le Renvoi de la Conversion . 



/ 


217 

* i 

mend numerous contrivances for this purpose, outline 
maps, scientific games, catechisms, &c. We have a sacred 
sanction of contrivance by objective association, Numb. 
xv. 38, 39. “ Speak unto the children of Israel, and bid 

them that they make them fringes in the borders of their 
garments throughout their generations, and that they put 
upon the fringe of the borders a ribband of blue: and it shall 
be unto you for a fringe, that ye may look upon it, and re¬ 
member all the commandments of the Lord.” 

Memory is of infinite value in this world, necessary to the 
common affairs of life, and to the improvement of the mind ; 
and also essential to religious exercises, to the profitable 
reading and hearing of the word of God, to the promotion of 
edification and gratitude by the judgments and mercies of 
Jehovah. If memory is infinitely valuable in time, how in¬ 
teresting is it in connection with eternity ! There it shall 
never die. Exceeding all the tortures of material fire, what 
shall be the anguish of a spirit at the ever gnawing remem¬ 
brance of time, opportunities, and privileges abused and 
slaughtered, and of deeds by which it plunged itself, and 
urged others, to endless perdition ? What shall be the high 
mental joys of the just made perfect, in ‘'remembering all 
the way by which they were led,’* the counsels of the Al¬ 
mighty, the scenes of Bethlehem and Gethsemane, and 
the transactions of Calvary ? These shall for ever enkindle 
the new song. 

If the memory is so precious a gift, and so deeply inte¬ 
resting, how important to reject from this depository of the 
mind, trifles, trash, and filth, with which in many instances 
it is encumbered and poisoned ! How necessary to enrich 
the soul by storing the memory with treasures, which will 
solace in affliction, and in those days of dissolution appoint¬ 
ed to many, when there is neither power to read or to 
converse with friends! How incumbent to lay up treasures 
that will shine in eternity, with ever-increasing lustre! 

If the darkness and folly of Atheism pertain to him who 

2 f 


218 


does not fervently acknowledge the Deity in his operations 
in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and in those etherial 
tires whose “ confluence centres in our sight,” what shall 
be said of him who ventures, in proud independence, to 
manage a spirit formed to grasp all these in its contempla¬ 
tions and to soar far beyond them? Religion is essen¬ 
tial to the science of memory. It is incumbent on every in¬ 
dividual to seek “ a sanctified memory,” that its energy may 
be consecrated, together with all the other powers of the 
mind, to Jehovah. It is the voice both of reason and re¬ 
ligion, that the studious should implore success on their 
every effort, by humble and earnest Prayer. 



FINIS. 


i 


I 


N 


LI N ES, 

Written for the Lecture at the Mansion House Academy, Camberwell. 


PERVERTED are the powers 
TIP Almighty gave to man, 

E’er s*.nce the blast, miilst Ellen’s flowers, 
Of sin pestif ’rous ran. 

Dark clouds of noxious seed 

/ 

Now find congenial soil, 

And germinate each baneful weed. 
Defying human toil. 

O may the Breath that made. 

To God our spirits turn, 

And give a Memory ne’er to fade, 

His works henceforth to learn. 






ERRATA. 


— vOv—- 

Page 7, line 25, page 13, read pages 13 and 14. 

18, bottom, Chronology, read Universal Chronolo 

19, Cronology, read Universal Chronolo 
23, line 23, Cainan, read List. 

23, line 24, Mahalaleel, read Jug. 

24, line 18, Cainan found, read In List. 

24, line 19, Mahalaleel’s mug, read Jug. 

26, line 11, Noah’s, read The Nest a. 

28, line 11, surely, read surelY. 

28, line 13, Join, read JoiN. 

40, line 7, Haran, read Aram. 

68, line 21, Trojan, read Trajan. 

92, line 19, Saracens, read Saxons. 



JOHN HILL, PRINTER, 57 , PATERNOSTER ROW. 


bo bn 

















































